Part 3 (2/2)

85. Illecebraceae (p. 426). Perianth herbaceous. Stamens perigynous.

Leaves opposite; stipules scarious (none in Scleranthus).

86. Amarantaceae (p. 427). Flowers sessile, bracteate, the bracts (usually 3) more or less dry and scarious, as well as the 3--5 distinct sepals. Stamens 1--5, hypogynous. Utricle indehiscent or circ.u.mscissile.

Embryo annular. Leaves mostly alternate, entire; stipules none.

87. Chenopodiaceae (p. 430). Flowers sessile, not scarious-bracteate.

Sepals greenish or succulent, 5 or fewer, or none. Stamens 5 or fewer, perigynous or hypogynous. Embryo annular or spiral or conduplicate.

Leaves alternate; stipules none.

[+][+][+] Ovary of several 1-ovuled carpels, in fruit a berry (in our genera).

88. Phytolaccaceae (p. 435). Sepals 4--5, petaloid or herbaceous. Stamens 5--30, hypogynous. Carpels 5--12. Embryo annular. Leaves alternate, entire; stipules none.

[+][+][+][+] Fruit a triangular or lenticular achene.

89. Polygonaceae (p. 436). Flowers on jointed pedicels. Calyx 3--6-lobed or -parted, more or less corolla-like. Stamens 4--12, on the calyx.

Embryo nearly straight. Leaves alternate, with sheathing stipules or none.

[*] 2. Ovary compound, the cells many-ovuled (or 1-ovuled in Piperaceae); embryo minute in copious alb.u.men; flowers perfect.

90. Podostemaceae (p. 444). Aquatic, with the aspect of sea-weeds or mosses, with minute naked flowers from a spathe-like involucre. Ovary superior; pod 2--3-celled.

91. Aristolochiaceae (p. 444). Terrestrial herbs or climbing shrubs.

Calyx valvate, adnate at least at base to the 6-celled many-seeded ovary. Stamens 6--12, more or less united with the style. Leaves alternate, mostly cordate; stipules none.

92. Piperaceae (-- Saurureae), (p. 446). Marsh herb (our species). Perianth none. Carpels 3--4, distinct, with usually a single ascending seed.

Leaves alternate, entire.

[*] 3. Ovary superior, simple, 1-celled, 1-ovuled, forming a berry or drupe; trees or shrubs, with mostly entire leaves and no stipules.

93. Lauraceae (p. 446). Flowers perfect or dicious. Sepals 4 or 6, in 2 rows. Stamens 9--12; anthers opening by 2 or 4 uplifted valves. Seed suspended; alb.u.men none. Aromatic; leaves alternate.

94. Thymelaeaceae (p. 448). Flowers perfect. Calyx corolla-like, 4--5-cleft. Stamens twice as many. Seed suspended, with little or no alb.u.men. Acrid shrubs with very tough bark; leaves alternate.

95. Elaeagnaceae (p. 448). Flowers mostly dicious. Calyx-tube becoming berry-like and enclosing the achene. Seed erect, alb.u.minous. Leaves silvery-scurfy, opposite.

[*] 4. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, 1--3-ovuled (but 1-seeded); alb.u.men without testa, bearing the embryo in a cavity at the apex; calyx-lobes valvate.

96. Loranthaceae (p. 449). Parasitic on trees, with jointed stems and opposite leaves. Flowers dicious. Ovule solitary, erect. Fruit a berry.

97. Santalaceae (p. 450). Flowers perfect. Ovules 2--4, suspended from the apex of a central placenta. Fruit dry, indehiscent. Leaves alternate.

[*] 5. Flowers all unis.e.xual (polygamous in some Urticaceae and Empetraceae, apparently perfect in Euphorbia); cells 1--2-ovuled; embryo nearly as long as the alb.u.men or filling the seed; calyx often wanting, corolla-like only in some Euphorbiaceae and Empetraceae; stipules often present.

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