Part 1 (1/2)

The Sportsman.

by Xenophon.

I

To the G.o.ds themselves is due the discovery, to Apollo and Artemis, patrons of the chase and protectors of the hound. (1) As a guerdon they bestowed it upon Cheiron, (2) by reason of his uprightness, and he took it and was glad, and turned the gift to good account. At his feet sat many a disciple, to whom he taught the mystery of hunting and of chivalry (3)--to wit, Cephalus, Asclepius, Melanion, Nestor, Amphiaraus, Peleus, Telamon, Meleager, Theseus and Hippolytus, Palamedes, Odysseus, Menestheus, Diomed, Castor and Polydeuces, Machaon and Podaleirius, Antilochus, Aeneas and Achilles: of whom each in his turn was honoured by the G.o.ds. And let none marvel that of these the greater part, albeit well-pleasing to the G.o.ds, nevertheless were subject to death--which is the way of nature, (4) but their fame has grown--nor yet that their prime of manhood so far differed. The lifetime of Cheiron sufficed for all his scholars; the fact being that Zeus and Cheiron were brethren, sons of the same father but of different mothers--Zeus of Rhea, and Cheiron of the nymph Nais; (5) and so it is that, though older than all of them, he died not before he had taught the youngest--to wit, the boy Achilles. (6)

(1) Or, ”This thing is the invention of no mortal man, but of Apollo and Artemis, to whom belong hunting and dogs.” For the style of exordium L. Dind. cf (Ps.) Dion. ”Art. rhet.” ad in.; Galen, ”Isagog.” ad in.; Alex. Aphrodis. ”Probl.” 2 proem.

(2) The wisest and ”justest of all the centaurs,” Hom. ”Il.” xi. 831.

See Kingsley, ”The Heroes,” p. 84.

(3) Or, ”the discipline of the hunting field and other n.o.ble lore.”

(4) Lit. ”since that is nature, but the praise of them grew greatly.”

(5) According to others, Philyra. Pind. ”Pyth.” iii. 1, {ethelon Kheirona ke Philuridan}; cf. ”Pyth.” vi. 22; ”Nem.” iii. 43.

(6) See Paus. iii. 18. 12.

Thanks to the careful heed they paid to dogs and things pertaining to the chase, thanks also to the other training of their boyhood, all these greatly excelled, and on the score of virtue were admired.

If Cephalus was caught into the arms of one that was a G.o.ddess, (7) Asclepius (8) obtained yet greater honour. To him it was given to raise the dead and to heal the sick, whereby, (9) even as a G.o.d among mortal men, he has obtained to himself imperishable glory. Melanion (10) so far excelled in zest for toil that he alone of all that flower of chivalry who were his rivals (11) obtained the prize of n.o.blest wedlock with Atalanta; while as to Nestor, what need to repeat the well-known tale?

so far and wide for many a day has the fame of his virtue penetrated the ears of h.e.l.las. (12)

(7) Hemera (al. Eos). For the rape of Cephalus see Hes. ”Theog.” 986; Eur. ”Ion,” 269; Paus. i. 3. 1; iii. 18. 7.

(8) Lat. Aesculapius. Father of Podaleirius and Machaon, ”the n.o.ble leech,” ”Il.” ii. 731, iv. 194, 219, xi. 518; ”Od.” iv. 232.

(9) Cf. ”Anab.” I. ii. 8; Lincke, ”z. Xen. Krit.” p. 299.

(10) Melanion, s. Meilanion, Paus. iii. 12. 9; v. 17. 10; v. 19. 1.

(11) ”Which were his rival suitors.” As to Atalanta see Paus. viii.

45. 2; iii. 24. 2; v. 19. 2; Grote, ”H. G.” i. 199 foll.

(12) Lit. ”the virtue of Nestor has so far penetrated the ears of h.e.l.las that I should speak to those who know.” See Hom. ”Il.” i.

247, and pa.s.sim.

Amphiaraus, (13) what time he served as a warrior against Thebes, won for himself the highest praise; and from heaven obtained the honour of a deathless life. (14)

(13) Amphiaraus. Pind. ”Nem.” ix. 13-27; ”Olymp.” vi. 11-16; Herod. i.

52; Paus. ix. 8. 2; 18. 2-4; ii. 23.2; i. 34; Liv. xlv. 27; Cic.

”de Div.” i. 40. See Aesch. ”Sept. c. Th.” 392; Eur. ”Phoen.” 1122 foll.; Apollod. iii. 6; Strab. ix. 399, 404.

(14) Lit. ”to be honoured ever living.”

Peleus kindled in the G.o.ds desire to give him Thetis, and to hymn their nuptials at the board of Cheiron. (15)

(15) For the marriage of Peleus and Thetis see Hom. ”Il.” xxiv. 61; cf. Pope's rendering: