Part 25 (2/2)

ARTICLE 9

Whenever it is necessary to establish uniform rules, the Commonwealth has jurisdiction over:

1. The promotion of social welfare;

2. The protection of public order and safety.

ARTICLE 10

The Commonwealth may prescribe by law fundamental principles concerning:

1. The rights and duties of religious a.s.sociations;

2. Education, including higher education and libraries for scientific use;

3. The law of officers of all public bodies;

4. The land law, the distribution of land, settlements and homesteads, restrictions on landed property, housing, and the distribution of population;

5. Disposal of the dead.

ARTICLE 11

The Commonwealth may prescribe by law fundamental principles concerning the validity and mode of collection of State taxes, in order to prevent:

1. Injury to the revenues or to the trade relations of the Commonwealth;

2. Double taxation;

3. The imposition of excessive burdens, or burdens in restraint of trade on the use of the means and agencies of public communication;

4. Tax discriminations against the products of other States in favor of domestic products in interstate and local commerce; or

5. Export bounties;

or in order to protect important social interests.

ARTICLE 12

So long and in so far as the Commonwealth does not exercise its jurisdiction, such jurisdiction remains with the States. This does not apply in cases where the Commonwealth possesses exclusive jurisdiction.

The National Cabinet may object to State laws relating to the subjects of Article 7, Number 13, whenever the general welfare of the Commonwealth is affected thereby.

ARTICLE 13

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