Part 15 (1/2)

My next operation was to put all the biscuits back into the box, for strewed loosely about as they were, they interfered seriously with the accommodation of my cabin, which by their bulk was diminished more than half. In fact, I had scarce room to turn myself in, so long as they remained outside the case, and I therefore lost no time in restoring them to their former place of deposit. To make the box hold them all, I was obliged to pack them in regular rows, as they had been before; with this difference, that the case having been tilted on its side, the biscuits had been lying with their edges in a horizontal position, whereas I now built them vertically--the proper mode of packing such goods, and the way in which they had been placed when they came from the stores of the baker. Of course, it mattered not which way, as regards the s.p.a.ce they would take up. On the flat side, or on their edges, it was all the same; and when I counted in the thirty-one dozen and four odd, the box was full, with only a little empty s.p.a.ce in the corner, which the eight missing biscuits had formerly occupied.

So, then, I had taken stock of my larder, and now knew the exact amount of provision I had to depend upon. With two biscuits _per diem_ I could stand siege for a little better than six months. It would not be high living, yet I resolved to do with even less, for I could not feel certain that six months would be the full period of my privations. I formed the resolution to make two a day the rule, and never to exceed that number; and on such days as I felt best able to bear hunger, I should stint my measure a quarter or half a biscuit, or even a whole one, if I found it possible. This economic purpose, if successfully carried out, would throw forward the day of absolute want to a much longer period than six months.

My food being thus rationed out, it appeared equally necessary that I should know the quant.i.ty of water I might use each day. To ascertain this, at first appeared to be beyond my power. Apparently I had no means of measuring what remained in the b.u.t.t. It was an old wine or spirit cask--for such are the vessels generally used on board s.h.i.+ps to carry water for their crews--but what kind of wine-cask I could not tell, and therefore I could not even guess at the quant.i.ty it might have contained when full. Could I only have established this point, I should then have been able to make a rough calculation as to what had been already spent; rough, but perhaps sufficiently precise for my purpose.

I remembered well the _table of liquid measure_--I had good reason to remember it--the most difficult of all the tables to commit to memory.

I had received many a smart rodding, before I was able to repeat it over; but I at length succeeded in getting it _pit-pat_.

I knew that wine-casks are of very different dimensions, according to the sort of wine they contain: that under the different names of ”pipes”, ”b.u.t.ts”, ”hogsheads”, ”puncheons”, ”tuns,” and ”pieces,” they hold more or less, from the hogshead of hock of thirty gallons to the great tun of wine containing 252. That the spirits--brandy, whiskey, rum, gin; and the wines--sherry, Port, Madeira, Teneriffe, Malaga, and many other sorts, are transported in casks of different capacity, but usually containing about 100 gallons. I even remembered the number of gallons of each, so well had my teacher--a great statistician--drilled me in ”liquid measure;” and could I only have known what sort of wine had once been carried inside of my water-b.u.t.t, I could have told its measure in a moment. I fancied there was the ”bouquet” of sherry about it, and that would have made it a ”pipe” of 108 gallons; but it might have been a Madeira pipe, which holds only 92, or Cape, or Marsala, which are about the same size. It might have been Port, which would have stretched its capacity to 115, or a puncheon of Scotch whiskey, some of which contain 120 gallons. I did not think it had been this last, else I should have known the peculiar ”tw.a.n.g” which Scotch whiskey gives to water, however diluted it may be. Certainly, there was a perceptible flavour of some liquor, but I was too young to be experienced in drinks, and I learnt nothing from this. No doubt a wine-taster could have told in an instant what sort had formerly filled the barrel, for an old wine-cask will retain the particular ”bouquet” of the wine it had carried after performing several voyages as a water-b.u.t.t.

I drew out the stopper, and tasted the water. I had not thought of noticing its flavour before. It appeared to me to be sherry; but as I have said, it might be Madeira, which would make a difference of sixteen gallons--an important item in a calculation such as I was desirous of making. I therefore could not trust to my judgment to make this the basis of a computation, and I had to think of some other device.

Fortunately in my school arithmetic there were a few hints upon mensuration, and the good master had instructed us in these.

I have often wondered that the simple but useful problems of this branch, of science are so much neglected, while the most useless and irrational rhymes are hammered into the heads of poor unfortunate boys.

I have no hesitation in giving my opinion, that a knowledge of simple mensuration, which may be obtained in a week's study, is of more value to an individual--or to the whole human race, if you will--than a perfect scholars.h.i.+p in all the dead languages of the world. Greek and Latin! These have been very barriers to the advancement of knowledge!

Well, I was saying that my old teacher had taught me a few simple problems in mensuration; and fortunately I still held them in my memory.

I could tell the solid contents of a cube, of a parallelopipedon, of a pyramid, of a globe (nearly), of a cylinder, and of a cone. The last was the figure that now interested me.

I knew that a barrel was a pair of cones--that is, truncated cones or _frustums_--with the bases resting against each other. Of course, when I was taught how to measure a cone, I was also instructed to do the same with the frustum of one.

To ascertain the capacity of my b.u.t.t, therefore, it was only necessary for me to know its length--or its half-length would do as well--its circ.u.mference at either end, and also its circ.u.mference around the thickest part or ”swell.” These three measurements given me, I could tell to a quart how much water would fill it--in other words, I could calculate how many cubic inches of water it should contain. Knowing this, I should simply have to divide by 69 and a small fraction over, and this would give me the number of quarts, which another simple division of 4 would reduce to gallons, if I required to use this standard.

I perceived, therefore, that if I could get the three measurements, I could soon tell the capacity of my b.u.t.t; but therein lay the difficulty.

How were these measurements to be obtained?

I might have obtained the length, for that was before me from end to end; but how should I get the circ.u.mference either of the middle or of either end? I could not reach over the top, nor around the ends. Both directions were blocked up against me.

Another difficulty stared me in the face. I had nothing wherewith to measure them--neither rule nor tape--no standard by which I could determine the number of feet or inches; so that even had all sides been free to me, I should still have been in a dilemma.

I was determined, however, not to yield the point until I had given it a good thinking. The occupation would help me to pa.s.s the time; and, as I have already hinted, this was a matter of primary importance. Besides, that faithful old schoolmaster had many a time impressed upon us the valuable truth, that perseverance often finds success where success appears impossible. Remembering this bit of admonition, I resolved not to regard the thing as impracticable, until I had exhausted all my powers of contrivance.

I persevered, therefore, and in less time than I must take in describing it, I hit upon a plan for ”gauging” the b.u.t.t.

CHAPTER THIRTY.

MY MEASURING-RULE.

The details of my plan suggested themselves in the following order:--

While examining the cask, to find if there was not some means of ascertaining its different diameters, I discovered the very way itself.

All I wanted was a straight rod or stick, of sufficient length to reach quite across the b.u.t.t at its thickest part. It was plain to me, that by inserting such a stick into a hole in one side of the cask, and pa.s.sing it on till it touched the staves on the other side, at a point diametrically opposite, I could thus obtain the exact measurement of the diameter of that part of the vessel, since the portion of the rod reaching from side to side would be the diameter itself. The diameter once obtained, it needed only to multiply by three to get the circ.u.mference. But in the calculation which I was desirous of making, it was the diameter itself I wanted to find, and not the circ.u.mference.

I only thought of the latter, because, under ordinary circ.u.mstances, when a cask is bunged up, it is easier to measure the circ.u.mference of the swell than its diameter. In no case does it signify which, as the figure three will always reduce the one to the other, near enough for most practical purposes, though not mathematically exact.

Now, it so chanced that one of the holes I had cut through the staves had been made in the very middle of the swell, where the b.u.t.t was thickest. Therefore a straight stick pa.s.sed into this hole, and pushed on till it touched the opposite side, would give the greatest diameter of the cask.