Volume II Part 12 (1/2)

[226] Jefferson to Short, May 18, 1792; _Works_: Ford, vi, 413; and see ”A Citizen” in the _National Gazette_, May 3, 1792, for a typical Republican indictment of Funding and a.s.sumption.

[227] Gallatin's _Writings_: Adams, i, 3.

[228] Pennsylvania alone had five thousand distilleries. (Beard: _Econ.

O. J. D._, 250.) Whiskey was used as a circulating medium. (McMaster, ii, 29.) Every contemporary traveler tells of the numerous private stills in Pennsylvania and the South. Practically all farmers, especially in the back country, had their own apparatus for making whiskey or brandy. (See chap. VII, vol. I, of this work.)

Nor was this industry confined to the lowly and the frontiersmen.

Was.h.i.+ngton had a large distillery. (Was.h.i.+ngton to William Augustine Was.h.i.+ngton, Feb. 27, 1798; _Writings_: Ford, xiii, 444.)

New England's rum, on the other hand, was supplied by big distilleries; and these could include the tax in the price charged the consumer. Thus the people of Pennsylvania and the South felt the tax personally, while New Englanders were unconscious of it. Otherwise there doubtless would have been a New England ”rum rebellion,” as Shays's uprising and as New England's implied threat in the a.s.sumption fight would seem to prove.

(See Beard: _Econ. O. J. D._, 250-51.)

[229] Marshall, ii, 200.

[230] _Ib._, 238.

[231] Graydon, 372.

[232] Sept. 25, 1794; _Writings_: Ford, xii, 467.

[233] Sept. 15, 1792; Richardson, i, 124; Aug. 7, 1794; _Writings_: Ford, xii, 445.

[234] Hamilton remained with the troops until the insurrection was suppressed and order fully established. (See Hamilton's letters to Was.h.i.+ngton, written from various points, during the expedition, from Oct. 25 to Nov. 19, 1794; _Works_: Lodge, vi, 451-60.)

[235] Marshall, ii, 200, 235-38, 340-48; Gibbs, i, 144-55; and see Hamilton's Report to the President, Aug. 5, 1794; _Works_: Lodge, vi, 358-88. But see Gallatin's _Writings_: Adams, i, 2-12; Beard: _Econ. O.

J. D._, 250-60. For extended account of the Whiskey Rebellion from the point of view of the insurgents, see Findley: _History of the Insurrection_, etc., and Breckenridge: _History of the Western Insurrection_.

[236] The claim now made by the Republicans that they were the only friends of the Const.i.tution was a clever political turn. Also it is an amusing incident of our history. The Federalists were the creators of the Const.i.tution; while the Republicans, generally speaking and with exceptions, had been ardent foes of its adoption. (See Beard: _Econ. O.

J. D._)

[237] Graydon, 374. Jefferson's party was called Republican because of its champions.h.i.+p of the French Republic. (Ambler, 63.)

[238] In the Fairfax purchase. (See _infra_, chap. V.)

[239] See Hamilton's orders to General Lee; _Works_: Lodge, vi, 445-51; and see Was.h.i.+ngton to Lee, Oct. 20, 1794; _Writings_: Ford, xii, 478-80.

[240] Was.h.i.+ngton to Lee, Aug. 26, 1794; _Writings_: Ford, xii, 454-56.

[241] Was.h.i.+ngton to Jay, Nov. 1, 1794; _ib._, 486.

[242] Was.h.i.+ngton to Thruston, Aug. 10, 1794; _ib._, 452.

[243] Was.h.i.+ngton to Morgan, Oct. 8, 1794; _ib._, 470. The Virginia militia were under the Command of Major-General Daniel Morgan.

[244] General Order, June 30, 1794; _Cal. Va. St. Prs._, vii, 202.

[245] Carrington to Lieutenant-Governor Wood, Sept. 1, 1794; _ib._, 287.

[246] Major-General Daniel Morgan to the Governor of Virginia, Sept. 7, 1794; _ib._, 297.

[247] Jefferson to Was.h.i.+ngton, Sept. 18, 1792; _Works_: Ford, vii, 153.