Volume II Part 165 (1/2)

LIX., p. 128.

CAUGIGU.

M. Georges Maspero, _L'Empire Khmer_, p. 77 n., thinks that Canxigu = Luang Prabang; I read Caugigu and I believe it is a transcription of _Kiao-Chi Kwe_, see p. 131.

LIX., pp. 128, 131.

”I have identified, II., p. 131, Caugigu with _Kiao-Chi kwe_ (Kiao Chi), i.e. Tung King.” Hirth and Rockhill (_Chau Ju-kua_, p. 46 n.) write: ”'Kiau chi' is certainly the original of Marco Polo's Caugigu and of Ras.h.i.+deddin's Kafchi kue.”

[1] _Pen ts'ao kang mu_, Ch. 25, p. 14b.

[2] Regarding this name and its history, see PELLIOT, _Journ. Asiatique_, 1912, I., p. 582. Qara Khodja was celebrated for its abundance of grapes. (BRETSCHNEIDER, _Mediaeval Res._, I., p. 65.) J. DUDGEON (_The Beverages of the Chinese_, p. 27) misreading it Ha-so-hwo, took it for the designation of a sort of wine. STUART (_Chinese Materia Medica_, p. 459) mistakes it for a transliteration of ”hollands,” or may be ”alcohol.” The latter word has never penetrated into China in any form.

[3] This work is also the first that contains the word _a-la-ki_, from Arabic 'araq. (See _T'oung Pao_, 1916, p, 483.)

[4] A range of mountains separating Shan Si from Chi li and Ho Nan.

[5] This is probably a phantasy. We can make nothing of it, as it is not stated how the adulterated wine was made.

[6] This possibly is the earliest Chinese allusion to alcohol.

BOOK SECOND.--CONTINUED.

PART III.--JOURNEY SOUTHWARD THROUGH EASTERN PROVINCES OF CATHAY AND MANZI.

LX., p. 133.

CH'ANG LU.

The Rev. A.C. MOULE (_T'oung Pao_, July, 1915, p. 417) says that ”Ciang lu [Ch'anglu] was not, I think, identical with Ts'ang chou,” but does not give any reason in support of this opinion.

CH'ANG LU SALT.

”To this day the _sole name_ for this industry, the financial centre of which is T'ien Tsin, is the 'Ch'ang-lu Superintendency.'” (E.H. PARKER, _As. Quart. Review_, Jan., 1904, p. 147.) ”The 'Ch'ang-lu,' or Long Reed System, derives its name from the city Ts'ang chou, on the Grand Ca.n.a.l (south of T'ientsin), once so called. In 1285 Kublai Khan 'once more divided the Ho-kien (Chih-li) and Shan Tung interests,' which, as above explained, are really one in working principle. There is now a First Cla.s.s Commissary at Tientsin, with sixteen subordinates, and the Viceroy (who until recent years resided at Pao ting fu) has nominal supervision.”

(PARKER, _China_, 1901, pp. 223-4.)

”Il y a 10 groupes de salines, _Tch'ang_, situes dans les districts de Fou ning hien, Lo t'ing hien, Loan tcheou, Fong joen hien, Pao tch'e hien, T'ien tsin hien, Tsing hai hien, Ts'ang tcheou et Yen chan hien. Il y a deux procedes employes pour la fabrication du sel: 1 On etale sur un sol uni des cendres d'herbes venues dans un terrain sale et on les arrose d'eau de mer; le liquide qui s'en ecoule, d'une densite suffisante pour faire flotter un ceuf de poule ou des graines de nenuphar, _Che lien_, est chauffe pendant 24 heures avec de ces memes herbes employees comme combustible, et le sel se depose. Les cendres des herbes servent a une autre operation. 2 L'eau de mer est simplement evaporee au soleil....

L'administrateur en chef de ce commerce est le Vice-roi meme de la province de Tche-li.” (P. HOANG, _Sel, Varietes Sinologiques_, No. 15, p.

3.)

LXI., pp. 136, 138.

SANGON--T'SIANG KIUN.

”Le t.i.tre chinois de _tsiang kiun_ 'general' apparait toujours dans les inscriptions de l'Orkhon sous la forme _sanun_, et dans les ma.n.u.scrits turcs de Tourfan on trouve _sangun_; ces formes avaient prevalu en Asie centrale et c'est a elles que repond le _sangon_ de Marco Polo” (ed.

Yule-Cordier, II., 136, 138). PELLIOT, _Kao tch'ang_, _J. As._, Mai-Juin, 1912, p. 584 _n._