Part 23 (1/2)

31 ”Throughout his long illness”: Rockwell, ”From Mentor to Elberon.” ”Throughout his long illness”: Rockwell, ”From Mentor to Elberon.”

32 When Bliss told him that a fund: The fund had been started by Cyrus W. Field, an American financier who helped found the Atlantic Telegraph Company, the first company to attempt to lay a telegraph cable across the Atlantic. The fund for Lucretia eventually reached $350,000. She used it not only to live on and to send her children to college, but to help establish Garfield's library, the first presidential library, in their home in Mentor. When Bliss told him that a fund: The fund had been started by Cyrus W. Field, an American financier who helped found the Atlantic Telegraph Company, the first company to attempt to lay a telegraph cable across the Atlantic. The fund for Lucretia eventually reached $350,000. She used it not only to live on and to send her children to college, but to help establish Garfield's library, the first presidential library, in their home in Mentor.

33 ”What?”: Bliss, ”The Story of President Garfield's Illness,” 301. ”What?”: Bliss, ”The Story of President Garfield's Illness,” 301.

34 ”Doctor, you plainly show”: Ibid., 303. ”Doctor, you plainly show”: Ibid., 303.

35 ”from a labor and responsibility”: Medical Bulletin, September 8, 1881, 6:00 p.m. ”from a labor and responsibility”: Medical Bulletin, September 8, 1881, 6:00 p.m.

36 ”clearer road to recovery”: Quoted in Clark, ”clearer road to recovery”: Quoted in Clark, The Murder of James A. Garfield The Murder of James A. Garfield, 107.

37 ”Despite the announcements”: Quoted in ibid., 98. ”Despite the announcements”: Quoted in ibid., 98.

38 ”may live the day out”: Peskin, ”may live the day out”: Peskin, Garfield Garfield, 606.

39 ”Do you think my name”: Ibid., 607. ”Do you think my name”: Ibid., 607.

40 Rockwell was again with Garfield: Ibid. Rockwell was again with Garfield: Ibid.

41 ”Well, Swaim”; Reyburn, ”Well, Swaim”; Reyburn, Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield, 95.

42 ”wonderful productions”: Bliss, ”The Story of President Garfield's Illness,” 304. ”wonderful productions”: Bliss, ”The Story of President Garfield's Illness,” 304.

43 Moments later, Lucretia: Ibid. Moments later, Lucretia: Ibid.

44 ”hear the long, solemn roll”: Stanley-Brown, ”My Friend Garfield,” 101. ”hear the long, solemn roll”: Stanley-Brown, ”My Friend Garfield,” 101.

45 ”the witnesses of the last sad scene”: Bliss, ”The Story of President Garfield's Illness,” 304. ”the witnesses of the last sad scene”: Bliss, ”The Story of President Garfield's Illness,” 304.

46 ”A faint, fluttering pulsation”: Ibid. ”A faint, fluttering pulsation”: Ibid.

47 ”All hearts,” Bliss would write, ”were stilled”: Ibid. ”All hearts,” Bliss would write, ”were stilled”: Ibid.

48 ”begged her to retire”: Ibid., 305. ”begged her to retire”: Ibid., 305.

Chapter 22: All the Angels of the Universe

1 ”Extra Republican!”: Bell to Mabel Bell, September 19, 1881, Bell Family Papers. Bell began this letter to Mabel earlier in the evening of the 19th. As he was writing, it turned midnight, and soon after he heard the newsboy's cry, announcing Garfield's death. ”Extra Republican!”: Bell to Mabel Bell, September 19, 1881, Bell Family Papers. Bell began this letter to Mabel earlier in the evening of the 19th. As he was writing, it turned midnight, and soon after he heard the newsboy's cry, announcing Garfield's death.

2 ”Please hunt in the study”: Ibid. ”Please hunt in the study”: Ibid.

3 ”How terrible it all is”: Ibid. ”How terrible it all is”: Ibid.

4 ”the final agony”: Stanley-Brown, ”My Friend Garfield,” 101. ”the final agony”: Stanley-Brown, ”My Friend Garfield,” 101.

5 In the end, the autopsy: ”The Result of the Autopsy,” In the end, the autopsy: ”The Result of the Autopsy,” New York Times New York Times, September 21, 1881.

6 ”The missile”: Bliss et al., ”Record of the Post-mortem Examination of the Body of President J. A. Garfield,” 4. ”The missile”: Bliss et al., ”Record of the Post-mortem Examination of the Body of President J. A. Garfield,” 4.

7 ”this long descending channel”: Ibid. ”this long descending channel”: Ibid.

8 ”no evidence that it had been penetrated”: Ibid., 3. ”no evidence that it had been penetrated”: Ibid., 3.

9 Evidence of the proximate cause: Ibid.; Author interview with Dr. David Lounsbury, June 29, 2010. Evidence of the proximate cause: Ibid.; Author interview with Dr. David Lounsbury, June 29, 2010.

10 ”The initial point of this septic condition”: Reyburn, ”The initial point of this septic condition”: Reyburn, Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield, 97.

11 ”irregular form”: Bliss et al., ”Record of the Post-mortem Examination of the Body of President J. A. Garfield,” 5. ”irregular form”: Bliss et al., ”Record of the Post-mortem Examination of the Body of President J. A. Garfield,” 5.

12 This, they realized: ”Official Bulletin of the Autopsy,” 1. This, they realized: ”Official Bulletin of the Autopsy,” 1.

13 ”slipped entirely through”: Stanley-Brown, ”My Friend Garfield,” 101. ”slipped entirely through”: Stanley-Brown, ”My Friend Garfield,” 101.

14 ”I daren't ask him”: Reeves, ”I daren't ask him”: Reeves, Gentleman Boss Gentleman Boss, 247.

15 ”All the n.o.ble aspirations”: Ibid., 244. ”All the n.o.ble aspirations”: Ibid., 244.

16 ”the people and the politicians”: Ibid., 245. ”the people and the politicians”: Ibid., 245.

17 ”And so Garfield is really dead”: Julia Sand to Chester Arthur, September 28, 1881, Chester Arthur Papers. ”And so Garfield is really dead”: Julia Sand to Chester Arthur, September 28, 1881, Chester Arthur Papers.

18 Garfield's body, which was returned: Ridpath, Garfield's body, which was returned: Ridpath, The Life and Work of James A. Garfield The Life and Work of James A. Garfield, 657.

19 ”The whole city was draped in mourning”: Mollie Garfield diary, September 29, 1881, quoted in Feis ”The whole city was draped in mourning”: Mollie Garfield diary, September 29, 1881, quoted in Feis, Molly Garfield in the White House, 101.

20 ”in many respects”: ”Looking Upon the Dead,” ”in many respects”: ”Looking Upon the Dead,” New York Times New York Times, September 23, 1881.

21 Only one man had no place: Rosenberg, Only one man had no place: Rosenberg, The Trial of the a.s.sa.s.sin Guiteau The Trial of the a.s.sa.s.sin Guiteau, 48.

22 More than a week earlier: More than a week earlier: United States v. Guiteau United States v. Guiteau, 599.

23 ”a great big musket-bullet”: After hitting the wall, the bullet was said to have been flattened into a nearly perfect likeness of Guiteau's profile. An enterprising man, R. A. Whitehand, made molds from the bullet and sold facsimiles, whose authenticity was certified by John Crocker, the warden of the District Jail, and by Guiteau himself. ”a great big musket-bullet”: After hitting the wall, the bullet was said to have been flattened into a nearly perfect likeness of Guiteau's profile. An enterprising man, R. A. Whitehand, made molds from the bullet and sold facsimiles, whose authenticity was certified by John Crocker, the warden of the District Jail, and by Guiteau himself.

24 Although he would later: There was an outcry against Mason's sentence, and a fund was established for his defense. Although he would later: There was an outcry against Mason's sentence, and a fund was established for his defense.

25 He was tired, he said: Clark, He was tired, he said: Clark, The Murder of James A. Garfield The Murder of James A. Garfield, 107.

26 ”There is an American judge”: Rosenberg, ”There is an American judge”: Rosenberg, The Trial of the a.s.sa.s.sin Guiteau The Trial of the a.s.sa.s.sin Guiteau, 5052.

27 ”Mama says he ought”: Quoted in Feis ”Mama says he ought”: Quoted in Feis, Molly Garfield in the White House, 95.

28 ”For this man Guiteau”: ”Gen. Sherman's Timely Counsel,” ”For this man Guiteau”: ”Gen. Sherman's Timely Counsel,” New York Times New York Times, September 19, 1881.

29 ”All a man would need”: Rosenberg, ”All a man would need”: Rosenberg, The Trial of the a.s.sa.s.sin Guiteau The Trial of the a.s.sa.s.sin Guiteau, 98.

30 The legal standard for determining insanity: There is considerable disagreement about the spelling of M'Naghten's name. Richard Moran, who wrote what is likely the definitive book on the case- The legal standard for determining insanity: There is considerable disagreement about the spelling of M'Naghten's name. Richard Moran, who wrote what is likely the definitive book on the case-Knowing Right from Wrong-devotes several pages to a discussion of this controversy. His conclusion is that the correct spelling is ”McNaughtan,” and he makes a very compelling argument. However, the most common spelling is M'Naghten.