Part 20 (1/2)

27 ”This crime is as logically and legitimately”: ”This crime is as logically and legitimately”: Cleveland Herald Cleveland Herald, July 3, 1881.

28 ”when a child”: Quoted in Chidsey, ”when a child”: Quoted in Chidsey, The Gentleman from New York The Gentleman from New York, 354.

29 ”Men go around with clenched teeth”: Quoted in Ackerman, ”Men go around with clenched teeth”: Quoted in Ackerman, Dark Horse Dark Horse, 385.

30 In a New York prison, two inmates: In a New York prison, two inmates: New York Times New York Times, September 16, 1881.

31 ”While there is no intimation”: ”Thunderbolt at Albany,” ”While there is no intimation”: ”Thunderbolt at Albany,” New York Times New York Times, July 3, 1881.

32 ”that the ex-Senator had asked”: ”The Scenes Up Town,” ”that the ex-Senator had asked”: ”The Scenes Up Town,” New York Times New York Times, July 5, 1881.

33 ”Gens: We will hang”: Platt, ”Gens: We will hang”: Platt, The Autobiography of Thomas Collier Platt The Autobiography of Thomas Collier Platt, 163.

Chapter 16: Neither Death nor Life

1 As his train pulled into the station: Bell to Mabel Bell, July 17, 1881, Bell Family Papers. As his train pulled into the station: Bell to Mabel Bell, July 17, 1881, Bell Family Papers.

2 ”Everywhere people go about”: ”A Cloud Upon the Holiday,” ”Everywhere people go about”: ”A Cloud Upon the Holiday,” New York Times New York Times, July 3, 1881.

3 Even the Fourth of July celebrations: Celebrations had also been canceled in nearly every other city in the nation. Even the Fourth of July celebrations: Celebrations had also been canceled in nearly every other city in the nation.

4 ”Men looked eagerly to the flag-pole”: ”The Events of Yesterday,” ”Men looked eagerly to the flag-pole”: ”The Events of Yesterday,” New York Times New York Times, July 5, 1881.

5 ”down upon the Executive Mansion”: Ibid. ”down upon the Executive Mansion”: Ibid.

6 ”To Mrs. Garfield, a slight token”: Bell to Mabel Bell, July 17, 1881, Bell Family Papers. ”To Mrs. Garfield, a slight token”: Bell to Mabel Bell, July 17, 1881, Bell Family Papers.

7 Although his temperature had fallen slightly: Doctors' notes, July 14, 1881, National Museum of Health and Medicine. Although his temperature had fallen slightly: Doctors' notes, July 14, 1881, National Museum of Health and Medicine.

8 ”severe lancinating”: Ibid., July 3, 1881. ”severe lancinating”: Ibid., July 3, 1881.

9 ”tiger's claws”: ”At the Patient's Bedside,” ”tiger's claws”: ”At the Patient's Bedside,” New York Times New York Times, July 5, 1881.

10 More difficult for Garfield to deny: Doctors' notes, July 4, 1881, National Museum of Health and Medicine. More difficult for Garfield to deny: Doctors' notes, July 4, 1881, National Museum of Health and Medicine.

11 Garfield had for years suffered: Garfield, Garfield had for years suffered: Garfield, Diary Diary, June 15July 19, 1875, 3:85.

12 Finally, a doctor told him: Ibid., May 24, 1875, 3:85. Finally, a doctor told him: Ibid., May 24, 1875, 3:85.

13 Garfield had avoided such drastic: Peskin, Garfield had avoided such drastic: Peskin, Garfield Garfield, 433.

14 He received a wide variety of rich foods: Bliss's notes, 11, National Museum of Health and Medicine. He received a wide variety of rich foods: Bliss's notes, 11, National Museum of Health and Medicine.

15 ”He was nauseated”: Quoted in Clark, ”He was nauseated”: Quoted in Clark, The Murder of James A. Garfield The Murder of James A. Garfield, 89.

16 ”No sick or injured person”: Gaw, ”No sick or injured person”: Gaw, A Time to Heal A Time to Heal, 8.

17 ”Patients, no matter how critical”: Ibid. ”Patients, no matter how critical”: Ibid.

18 The structure had been built into sloping ground: Seale, The structure had been built into sloping ground: Seale, The President's House The President's House, 536.

19 ”packed with vermin”: Clark, ”packed with vermin”: Clark, The Murder of James A. Garfield The Murder of James A. Garfield, 80.

20 ”sanitary requirements of a safe dwelling”: ”Condition of the White House,” ”sanitary requirements of a safe dwelling”: ”Condition of the White House,” New York Times New York Times, September 7, 1881.

21 The plumbing system had been built: Seale, The plumbing system had been built: Seale, The President's House The President's House, 536.

22 ”pest house”: Feis, ”pest house”: Feis, Mollie Garfield in the White House Mollie Garfield in the White House, 74.

23 ”The old White House is unfit”: Quoted in Clark, ”The old White House is unfit”: Quoted in Clark, The Murder of James A. Garfield The Murder of James A. Garfield, 80.

24 ”notoriously unhealthy”: Hoogenboom, ”notoriously unhealthy”: Hoogenboom, Rutherford B. Hayes Rutherford B. Hayes, 469.

25 ”greatly influenced by the miasma”: Reyburn, ”greatly influenced by the miasma”: Reyburn, Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield, 578.

26 Four servants in the White House: Mackenzie, Four servants in the White House: Mackenzie, Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell, 236.

27 In a desperate effort to ward off malaria : Paulson, ”Death of a President and His a.s.sa.s.sin,” 83; Deppisch, ”Homeopathic Medicine and Presidential Health,” 3. In a desperate effort to ward off malaria : Paulson, ”Death of a President and His a.s.sa.s.sin,” 83; Deppisch, ”Homeopathic Medicine and Presidential Health,” 3.

28 ”You can't imagine anything so vile”: Harriet S. Blaine and Beale, ”You can't imagine anything so vile”: Harriet S. Blaine and Beale, Letters of Mrs. James G. Blaine Letters of Mrs. James G. Blaine, 229.

29 ”Scarcely a breath of air”: ”Another Weary Night Watch,” ”Scarcely a breath of air”: ”Another Weary Night Watch,” New York Times New York Times, July 6, 1881.

30 ”Sitting to day on my piazza”: Stephen Upson to Lucretia Garfield, July 3, 1881. ”Sitting to day on my piazza”: Stephen Upson to Lucretia Garfield, July 3, 1881.

31 Others suggested hanging sheets: Letters to Lucretia Garfield, Library of Congress, Garfield papers. Others suggested hanging sheets: Letters to Lucretia Garfield, Library of Congress, Garfield papers.

32 Finally, a corps of engineers: Finally, a corps of engineers: Reports of Officers of the Navy: Ventilating and Cooling of Executive Mansion Reports of Officers of the Navy: Ventilating and Cooling of Executive Mansion, 4. Nine years later, Willis Haviland Carrier designed the first system for controlling not only temperature, but also humidity.

33 In the president's office: Telegram from Joseph Stanley Brown to R. J. Jennings, the owner of a company in Baltimore that had a cooling device, quoted in Clark, In the president's office: Telegram from Joseph Stanley Brown to R. J. Jennings, the owner of a company in Baltimore that had a cooling device, quoted in Clark, The Murder of James A. Garfield The Murder of James A. Garfield, 83.

34 Although the system worked: Seale, Although the system worked: Seale, The President's House The President's House, 52324. ”They found some kind of compressed air machine,” Garfield's fourteen-year-old daughter, Mollie, complained in her diary, ”& it made a horrible noise when it became full of air.” James A. Garfield Papers, Library of Congress.

35 ”cool, dry, and ample”: Seale, ”cool, dry, and ample”: Seale, The President's House The President's House, 524.

36 ”wonderfully patient sufferer”: Paulson, ”Death of a President and His a.s.sa.s.sin,” 79. ”wonderfully patient sufferer”: Paulson, ”Death of a President and His a.s.sa.s.sin,” 79.

37 ”never approached him”: Bliss, ”The Story of President Garfield's Illness,” 301. ”never approached him”: Bliss, ”The Story of President Garfield's Illness,” 301.

38 ”Thank you, gentlemen”: Rockwell, ”From Mentor to Elberon,” ”Thank you, gentlemen”: Rockwell, ”From Mentor to Elberon,” Century Magazine Century Magazine, 437.

39 ”witty, and quick at repartee”: Ibid. ”witty, and quick at repartee”: Ibid.

40 ”The vein of his conversation”: ”A Great Nation in Grief,” ”The vein of his conversation”: ”A Great Nation in Grief,” New York Times New York Times, July 3, 1881.