Part 19 (2/2)
”RESOLVED,
”That this Committee are deeply impressed with a high sense of the singular advantages, which appear to have resulted to the Commerce of the Port of London in general, but particularly to the West India Planters and Merchants, in the protection afforded to their property by the exertions of _The Marine Police Inst.i.tution_, as well as by the General System established for the prevention of pillage and plunder arising out of the measures for detection pursued by the Magistrates presiding at the Marine Police Office, by which, in the opinion of this Committee, great and extensive benefits have also resulted to his Majesty's Revenue.”]
It may only be necessary in this place to state, that under all the disadvantages and difficulties attending the execution of this design, it may truly be said to have worked wonders in reforming the shocking abuses which prevailed.--_The River Pirates do not now exist in any shape.--The Nightly Plunderers, denominated Light Hors.e.m.e.n, have not dared in a single instance to pursue their criminal designs.--The Working Lumpers, denominated Heavy Horse, are no longer to be found loaded with Plunder._--Watermen are not now as _formerly to be recognized in cl.u.s.ters hanging upon the bows and quarters of West India s.h.i.+ps under discharge to receive plunder_.--Lightermen, _finding nothing to be procured by attending their craft, are accustomed to desert them until the period when they are completely laden.--Journeymen Coopers do not wilfully demolish casks and packages as heretofore, since no advantage is to be reaped from the spillings of sugar, coffee, or other articles.--The Mud-Larks find it no longer an object to prowl about s.h.i.+ps at low water while under discharge, since the resource for that species of iniquitous employment, which they were accustomed to solicit, is no longer in existence.--The criminal cla.s.s of Revenue Officers, who had long profited (in many instances to an enormous extent) by the nefarious practices which prevailed, have not been able to suppress their rage against the New Police, by the vigilance of which they feel themselves deprived of the means of profiting by the system of plunder, which they had so perfectly organized, and which, in collusion with the Revenue Watermen, they were so well able to cover by availing themselves of their official situations, on many occasions, in protecting to the houses of the Receivers articles which were both stolen and smuggled_.
By means of a Police Guard upon the Quays, which forms a collateral branch of the General System, _the Scuffle-hunters and Long-ap.r.o.n-men, who were accustomed to prowl about for the purpose of pillage, have in a great measure deserted the quays and landing-places; while the Copemen and Receivers, finding from several examples which have been made, that their former infamous pursuits cannot be continued without the most imminent hazard, have, in many instances, declined business, while not a few of these mischievous members of society have quitted their former residences, and disappeared_.
Such has been the effect of the remedy which has been applied towards the core of the enormous evil of River Plunder.
It is not, however, to be understood that this System has entirely eradicated the pillage which prevailed, a circ.u.mstance not to be expected, since the design was partial and limited in its nature, and only intended for the protection of West India property, although very extensive benefits have unquestionably arisen from its collateral influence, and its energy, in terrifying thieves of every description upon the River, and diminis.h.i.+ng their depredations, which, but for the dread of detection by means of the Police Boats in the night, would unquestionably have been committed.
But while it is readily admitted that amidst the opposite attractions of pleasure and pain, it is impossible to reduce the tumultuous activity of such a phalanx of individuals to absolute order and purity, who have been in many instances reared up in habits of delinquency. And while it is a vain hope to expect that crimes can be totally annihilated, where temptations a.s.sail the idle and the dissolute, and religion and morality, or even in many instances, the fear of punishment, does not operate as a restraint;--yet is it, notwithstanding, clear to demonstration, from the effects produced by the limited experiment which has been made, that the General Police for the River Thames which is in contemplation, aided by the apposite Legislative regulations which experience has suggested to be necessary,[65] must in its operation, under the guidance of an able and active Magistracy, so far diminish and keep down the depredations which were committed, as to prove scarce a drop in the bucket, when compared to the extensive and enormous evils which it has been the object of the promoters of this new System to suppress.
[Footnote 65: For the specific provisions of _the Marine Police Bill_, see the ”Treatise on the Commerce Navigation Police of the River Thames.”--The object of this Bill is rather to prevent Crimes than to punish; and where punishments on conviction are to be inflicted, they are of a nature which, it is to be hoped, will operate sufficiently as an example to diminish the evil, without the exercise of any great degree of severity.]
Although in this arduous pursuit, the Author of this work has experienced infinite difficulties and discouragements, yet is he rewarded by the consciousness that he was engaged in an undertaking in which the best interests of Society were involved:--that independent of the pecuniary benefits derived by the State, and the Proprietors of Commercial Property (which already have unquestionably been very extensive,) he has been instrumental in bringing forward a great preventive System, and by administering the Laws in conjunction with a very zealous, able, and humane Magistrate,[66] in a manner rather calculated to _restrain_ than to _punish_,[67] a mult.i.tude of individuals, together with a numerous offspring, are likely to be rendered useful members of the Body Politic, instead of nuisances in Society.--The advantages thus gained (although his labours have been in other respects gratuitous,) will abundantly compensate the _dangers_, the _toils_, and the anxieties which have been experienced.
In the accomplishment of this object, both the interests of _humanity_ and _morality_, have been in no small degree promoted: unquestionably, there cannot be a greater act of benevolence to mankind, in a course of _criminal delinquency_, than that which tends to _civilize their manners_;--_to teach them obedience to the_ Laws;--_to screen themselves and their families from the evils and distress attendant on punishment, by preventing the commission of crimes_; and _to lead them into the paths of honest industry, as the only means of securing that real comfort and happiness which a life of criminality, however productive of occasional supplies of money, can never bestow_.--If it shall be considered (as it certainly is) a glorious atchievement to subdue a powerful Army or Navy, and thereby secure the tranquillity of a State--is not the triumph in some degree a.n.a.logous, where a numerous army of delinquents, carrying on a species of warfare no less noxious, if not equally hostile, shall not only be subdued by a mild and systematic direction of the powers of the Law; but that the conquered enemy shall be converted into an useful friend, adding strength instead of weakness to the Government of the country?
[Footnote 66: John Harriott, Esq. the Resident Magistrate.]
[Footnote 67: So powerful was the effect of the preventive System, wherever it was permitted to be applied, that no instance has occurred in the course of more than fifteen months, since the Marine Police was established, of sufficient grounds for a criminal prosecution having taken place by the commission of any Larceny or Felony in s.h.i.+ps or craft under the immediate protection of the Inst.i.tution.]
Such has been, at least, the result of the partial operations of the Marine Police; and such will unquestionably be the issue of the general measures which have been planned and arranged, when the _Key-stone_ shall be finally laid to the fabric, by pa.s.sing into a Law the Bill which has been prepared for the extension of this design to the protection of the whole trade of the port of London.[68]
[Footnote 68: As a proof of the approbation of the whole body of the West India Planters at the General Meeting, not only of the System of the Marine Police, but also of the Bill which has been prepared to extend its influence to the general Trade of the River Thames, the following extracts are inserted:
_Extract from the Minutes of a Meeting of a Committee of the West India Planters and Merchants--London, June 7, 1799._
”Resolved,
”That this Committee is fully convinced that considerable advantages have been derived from the inst.i.tution of the Marine Police in checking the depredations on West India produce on board s.h.i.+ps in the River Thames; and consequently approves of the Bill for const.i.tuting the said _Marine Police_, with powers enlarged and more effective, and on a more extended plan, provided the Act for that purpose be in the first instance limited to the duration of three years, and that the whole expence of the Inst.i.tution does not exceed Ten Thousand Pounds annually.”
_Extract from the Minutes of a General Meeting of the West India Planters, held by public Advertis.e.m.e.nt at Wright's Coffee-house, Soho-square, London, June 13, 1799._
The Right Honourable Lord PENRHYN in the Chair.
”Resolved,
”That this Meeting confirms the Report of its Committee, and approves of the project of a Bill for the purposes, and within the limitations stated in that Report.
”Resolved,
”That Lord Penrhyn be requested to present to the Chancellor of the Exchequer the Report of a Committee of this Meeting, on the subject of the Marine Police Inst.i.tution, and the Resolution of this meeting approving the said Report.
”Resolved,
”That Lord Penrhyn be requested to communicate the thanks of this Meeting to Mr. Colquhoun for the zeal, ability, and perseverance with which he has endeavoured to form an effectual check to the system of depredation which prevailed on the River Thames.”]
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