Part 5 (1/2)

III. ORGANISATION OF LABOUR PROTECTION.

1. Courts by which it is administered:

_A._ Protection by the ordinary administrative bodies--

Police, Magistrates, Church and School authorities, Military and Naval authorities.

_B._ Protection by specially const.i.tuted bodies,

1. Governmental:

_a._ Administrative:

Industrial Inspectorates (including mining experts), ”Labour-Boards,”

Special organs: local, district, provincial, and imperial;

_b._ Judicial:

Judicial Courts, Courts of Arbitration.

2. Representative: (trade-organisations):

”Labour-Chambers,”

”Labour Councillors,”

Councils composed of the oldest representatives of the trade, Labour-councils: local, district, provincial, and imperial.

II. METHODS OF ADMINISTRATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS.

_a._ Methods:

Hearing of Special Appeals, Granting periods of exemption, Fixing of times, Regulating of fines, Application of money collected in fines, etc.

_b._ Records:

Factory-regulations, Certificates of health, Factory-list of children employed, Official overtime list, Labour log-book, Inspector's report (with compulsory-publication and international exchange), International collection of statistics and information relating to protective legislation and industrial regulations.

The foregoing survey may be held to contain all that is included under Labour Protection, actual or proposed. But of the measures included within these limits not all are as yet in operation; and the actual conditions are different in the various countries.

With regard to the scope of protection, those measures affecting married women, home-industrial work, work in trade and carrying industries, are still specially incomplete.

With regard to the organs of administration of Labour Protection, one kind, viz. the representative, has at present no existence except in the many proposals and suggestions made as to them; this however does not preclude the possibility that in the course of a generation or so a rich crop of such organs may spring up. It is not improbable that special representative bodies (”labour-councils”)--after the pattern of chambers of commerce and railway-boards, etc.--and ”labour-boards” may develop and form a complete network over the country. Perhaps the separate representative and executive organs may be able to amalgamate the various branches of aids to labour, forming separate sections for Labour Protection, Labour Insurance, industrial hygiene and statistics, with equal representation of the administrative, judicial, technical and statistical elements; and thus the ordinary administration service may be freed from the burden of the special services which a constructive social policy demands.

Again, the organisation of protection is not by any means the same everywhere.