Part 15 (2/2)

orders--the ”friars” The members of these orders were sworn to support themselves on the al mendicant orders were the Franciscan (the Minorites, or ”little brothers”), founded by St Francis of assisi (died 1226), the Do brothers”), founded by St

Doustinian Hered, and which claiustine (died 430)

[157] The interference of the friars in the duties of the parish clergy was a continual subject of coh this period

[158] By the ht distinct sects within the Franciscan order alone (See _Realencyk_, VI, pp 212 ff), and Luther had hiorous dispute between two parties in the Augustinian order

[159] St Agnes the Martyr, put to death in the beginning of the IV Century, one of the favorite saints of the Middle Ages See Schafer, _L als Kirchenhistoriker_, p 235

[160] One of the most famous of the German convents, founded in 936

[161] The celebrated Church Father (died 420) The passages referred to are in _Migne_, XXII, 656, and XXVI, 562

[162] Or ”community” (_Gemeine_) Cf _The Papacy at Rome_, Vol I

p 345, note 4 See also _Dass eine christl Gemeine Recht und Macht habe_, etc _Weiation” See note 2

[164] i e At a time later than that of the Apostles

[165] The first absolute prohibition of y is contained in a decree of Pope Siricius and dated 385 See H C Lea, _History of Sacerdotal Celibacy_, 3d ed (1907), I, pp 59 ff

[166] The priests of the Greek Church are required to marry, and the controversy over celibacy was involved in the division between the Greek and Ro, IV, 199)

[168] i e, Lie in Roregation See above, p 119

[170] _Quantuilitas humana permittit_ A qualification of the vow

[171] i e, Celibacy _Non proilitas huelica fortitudo at coelestis virtus_

[174] The court-jester was allowed unusual freedom of speech See Prefatory Letter above, p 62

[175] The laws governing e were entirely the laws of the Church The canon law prohibited ree of consanguinity In 1204 the prohibition was restricted to the first our degrees; lawful rees was possible only by dispensation, which was not all too difficult to secure, especially by those illing to pay for it (see above, p 96) The relation of God-parents to God-children was also held to establish a ”spiritual consanguinity” which e See Benrath, p 103, note 74, and in the Babylonian Captivity, below, p 265

[176] This Luther actually did When he burned the papal bull of excoiven to the flay

[178] On this sort of reserved cases see Discussion of Confession, Vol I, pp 96 ff

[179] ”Irregularity” is the condition of any member of a monastic order who has violated the prescriptions of the order and been deprived, in consequence, of the benefits enjoyed by those who live under the _regula_, viz, the rule of the order

[180] The three kinds of , viz, masses for the dead, celebrated on certain fixed days in each year, in consideration of the enjoyment of certain incomes, received either out of bequeathed endowments or from the heirs of the supposed beneficiaries