Part 9 (1/2)

40. The Hustler I, no. 4 (November 1917), 9; Seattle Post-Intelligencer, October 6, 1917, 1.

41. Times, July 3, 1918, 8; Editor and Publisher, July 20, 1918, 37.

42. Letter to editor, Minneapolis Journal, July 11, 1918, NYCLC, box 31, folder 15.

43. Editor and Publisher, January 26, 1918, 1; Times, January 28, 1918, 7; Tribune, January 29, 1918, 11.

44. Tribune, January 29, 1918, 11.

45. James M. Hardin, ”The History of the Little Merchant System,” ICMA, 22.

46. Tribune, January 29, 1918, 1.

47. Editor and Publisher, February 2, 1918, 5; Times, February 1, 18, February 2, 9, February 3, 4, February 4, 14, and February 8, 1; Tribune, February 3, 9.

48. Editor and Publisher, July 20, 1918, 36; Tribune, August 24, 1918, 6.

49. Tribune, (1918), August 17, 1, August 18, 1, August 20, 1, August 22, 1, and August 23, 1; see continuing coverage by the Tribune through January 25, 1919.

Chapter Thirteen.

1. Confidential Report, ”The Bootblack Industry of the City of New York,” prepared by Francis H. Nichols, special agent of the Child Labor Committee (February 2, 1903), NYCLC, box 33, file 20.

2. Edward A. Steiner, On the Trail of the Immigrant (New York, 1906), 28990; U.S. Immigration Commission, ”The Greek padrone system in the United States,” Reports (1911), II: 387408; North American Civic League for Immigrants, ”Report of New YorkNew Jersey Committee, December 1909March 1911,” 3334; Leola Benedict Terhune, ”The Greek Bootblack,” Survey XXVI, 85254.

3. Terhune, in Survey, 85254; June Namias, First Generation: In the Words of Twentieth Century American Immigrants (Boston, 1978), 2025.

4. Philip Davis, Street-land: Its Little People and Big Problems (Boston, 1915), 156.

5. National Child Labor Committee, Child Welfare in Tennessee (New York, 1920), 381; National Child Labor Committee, Child Welfare in North Carolina (New York, 1918), 21718, 230.

6. Ernest Poole, Child Labor-The Street (New York, n.d.), 24; Harry Bremer, ”Street Trades Investigation” (October 9, 1912), NCLC, box 4, 14; Nichols, ”Bootblack Industry,” 3; Anthony Sorrentino, Organizing Against Crime: Redeveloping the Neighborhood (New York, 1977), 5051.

7. Harpo Marx with Rowland Barber, Harpo Speaks (New York, 1974), 56; Joe E. Brown, as told to Ralph Hanc.o.c.k, Laughter Is a Wonderful Thing (New York, 1956), 13; George Burns, The Third Time Around (New York, 1980), 30.

8. Herbert Newton Ca.s.son, The History of the Telephone (Chicago, 1910), 17882; Sam Levenson, Everything but Money (New York, 1966), 84.

9. Editor and Publisher, July 14, 1917, 12, and December 8, 1917, 26.

10. James M. Hardin, ”The History of the Little Merchant System,” ICMA, 21; William R. Scott, Scientific Circulation Management (New York, 1915), 9096; Editor and Publisher, April 20, 1918, 4; Frank Luther Mott, American Journalism, A History: 16901960, 3rd ed. (New York, 1962), 59798.

11. Scott, Circulation, 13637; Editor and Publisher, October 13, 1917, part II, 5, and December 22, 1917, 25; Anna Reed, Newsboy Service: A Study in Educational and Vocational Guidance (Yonkers, 1917), 73; Margaret Kent Beard, ”A Study of Newsboys in Yonkers-1920,” NYCLC, box 31, folder 27, tables 9, 10, 14, 15.

12. Scott, Circulation, 98.

13. Harry Shulman, Newsboys of New York: A Study of Their Legal and Illegal Work Activities During 1931 (New York, 1931), 6.

Epilogue.

1. Daniel Bell, Work and Its Discontents (Boston, 1956), 31.

2. Jerre Mangione, Mount Allegro (New York, 1972), 223.