Part 10 (2/2)

He wrote to James Madison, saying, ”How melancholy is the reflection that in so short a time we should have made such large strides toward fulfilling the predictions of our transatlantic foes, who said, 'Leave them to themselves and their government will soon dissolve'? Will not the wise and good strive hard to avert this evil?”

The only remedy which ”the wise and good” could use to avert the calamity of having thirteen feeble little nations at war with one another was to supplant the ”Articles of Confederation” with a Federal Const.i.tution, and, at last, this was accomplished, with so many compromises and concessions to so-called ”state rights” that it required a frightful four years' civil war to establish the meaning of the Federal Const.i.tution, so that the United States grammarians and politicians could agree to say the United States ”is” instead of saying that the United States ”are.”

With the adoption of the Federal Const.i.tution, it was provided that electors should be chosen whose duty it was to select a president for the United States.

There could be but one man seriously considered. The landed gentleman who had become a soldier and won liberty for the Western world was soon seen to be destined, by the nation he had made, to be its first president, and henceforth by nature, if not by the providence of G.o.d, to be statesman, and the ”First Citizen of America.” Accordingly, George Was.h.i.+ngton was chosen first president of the Western republic, to begin a term of four years from the fourth of March, 1789.

III. LAYING THE FOUNDATIONS OF LIBERTY AND LAW

Through the desperate eight years of war, in which the devastations of the British could hardly be called worse than the wrangling differences of opinion and sordid interests among the colonies, Was.h.i.+ngton had conserved and guided the struggle for American liberty, so that, at the close of the war, with the disembarkation for Halifax of troops, royalists and tories, there was a unanimous voice of harmony for a new America.

Then came the divisions under the rivalry of the colonies as a loose confederation of separate republics. After that Was.h.i.+ngton was again at the head of American interests and for another eight years. It was a period of reconstruction. The opportunity to have a new nation, that human beings might have a place of freedom in the sun, was supplied by the eight years of revolutionary struggle, but the foundations for that nation were not laid firmly until there were eight years' labor upon the Const.i.tutional form of government under Was.h.i.+ngton.

Probably no man, with the exception of Lincoln, has been so loved and so hated, or ever will be in America, as Was.h.i.+ngton. It is the most pathetic thing in all the weakness of intelligence, or rather the strength of prejudice, that the world always hates, and sometimes kills, its benefactors, its friends and saviors.

But somehow, with all the storm and stress of things, notwithstanding the hate and revenge of disappointed greed, the rights of life are carried on, and the values of humanity prevail.

The time for the third election of a president was drawing near. All the malignant virulence possible to destroy the name and services of Was.h.i.+ngton were coming into use. He was accused of every public evil and private unfitness under the sun. And yet there is hardly any doubt worth consideration that he could have been elected for the third term if he had desired it. But he had done his share of the work of the world. He saw that his example would be used as a precedent for the ambitions of future politicians. There must be a reasonable time limit even to the restricted governing powers of a president. He declined to serve more than two terms. Only once since then has there been an organized attempt to break that precedent. The politicians tried their utmost means to give General Grant a third term, but the hostility of the nation against the danger of such prolonged power at last prevailed and the attempt was defeated, probably never to be successful.

Was.h.i.+ngton's farewell address on retiring from the presidency has ever remained a beacon-light for the guidance of American views of American government, especially in its relation with foreign nations.

The reply of the House of Representatives gave strong praise for the wisdom, firmness, moderation and magnanimity with which he had guided the affairs of his country. But the kicker was there and his voice was heard. A prominent representative from Virginia was disgusted with any praise of Was.h.i.+ngton's wisdom and firmness. He raised his voice in the halls of Congress and put himself on historical record as especially opposed to giving Was.h.i.+ngton any praise for the administration of foreign affairs. He declared that ”the weakness and feeble judgment of Was.h.i.+ngton in our foreign relations” has brought us under ”the contempt of foreign nations,” and had conducted our country to ”the verge of a greater calamity than had ever been threatened before in our history.” That patriotic scare sounds strangely like the calamity prophecies of politicians against every president in every national crisis. In such cases it is well to remember that political partisans are not thus qualified to be American patriots. They are special pleaders for their own particular party greed.

Twelve other members believed as this one from Virginia. They would much rather have censured Was.h.i.+ngton for weakness than to have praised him for strength. Among these thirteen partisans was a young man from Tennessee named Andrew Jackson, who afterward became one of the famous Presidents.

These violent differences of opinion and the vicious personal attacks on motives, attributed each to each, has been one of the pitiable signs of injustice and incompetency in American politics. Time after time, as the presidential campaigns arrive, the fist-like will of each side is thrust into the other's faces, as those ”belonging” to a party fight to get votes for the party candidate, not for a patriotic cause.

In times of great national peril, whether in times of war at home or abroad, the president who preserves, as Was.h.i.+ngton did, the rights of his country in conformity to the rights of man, which is the only possible rights of either, is hated by the extremists on both sides.

They both call him weak, and, therefore, though hating each other, unite to defeat the man who would not lead his country into taking up with their special interests. But, fortunately, we sometimes have presidents with mind, patriotism and character greater than any party.

Most hopefully, there are increasingly greater numbers who belong to their country instead of to a party, and who elect human principles to rule and to reign over us rather than the ring-managers of prejudice and partisans.h.i.+p known as ”parties.” Presently there will be enough independent thinking for any one to consider it as unpatriotic to belong to a ”party” as to belong to any other political fragment, clique, or social group, presuming to dictate what is weakness and what is strength for the individual mind as its only choice in patriotism and Americanism. America, composed of every element of humanity from every part of the earth, is the strongest nation of all time, and capable of being the clearest and most just for the freedom of the world. Here we strive for the peace of freedom in law. We war only against war. American intelligence and mercy are rapidly devising ways to eliminate the various forms of enslavement, dissentions and divisions that weaken American civilization, so that democracy may be safe in itself. In the great European war, President Wilson announced the purpose of the United States to be for the right that is greater than peace, in which the world must be made safe for democracy. And so, humanity gains ”a place in the sun” and the kingdom of heaven is among us. For the sake of peace on earth, America must be strong in the might of right, and be willing and ready to save to the uttermost. America is president of the peace-nations of the earth because it alone is federated upon the principles of human justice, eternal and universal.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Was.h.i.+ngton Statue in United States Capitol, Was.h.i.+ngton, D. C.]

France and America, in the name of liberty, will be forever crowned together in the praise of human history. The mutual friends.h.i.+p that existed during Was.h.i.+ngton's presidency is ill.u.s.trated by a toast drunk at a banquet of French and Americans in New York, February 22, 1795:

”To the President of the United States: May the day that gave him birth mark an epoch in the annals of liberty!

”To the French Republic: May she triumph over her enemies and obtain the tranquillity of peace founded upon justice and reason!

”To the memory of the heroes of all nations who have gloriously fallen for the defense of the rights of man!”

Friends and allies of France have changed during the tumultuous years, but, republic to republic, France and the United States still pledge fealty to liberty, justice and reason and do honor to the heroic defenders of the rights of man among all nations.

<script>