Part 8 (2/2)

24. JA to Benjamin Rush, 29 November 1812, in Schutz and Adair, JA to Benjamin Rush, 29 November 1812, in Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame Spur of Fame, 25455.

25. JA to Benjamin Rush, 22 December 1806, ibid., 7273. JA to Benjamin Rush, 22 December 1806, ibid., 7273.

26. Benjamin Rush to JA, 4 June 1812, ibid., 233; JA to Benjamin Rush, 13 October 1810, ibid., 170; JA to Benjamin Rush, 26 March 1806, ibid., 52. Benjamin Rush to JA, 4 June 1812, ibid., 233; JA to Benjamin Rush, 13 October 1810, ibid., 170; JA to Benjamin Rush, 26 March 1806, ibid., 52.

27. JA to Benjamin Rush, 14 May 1812, 8 January 1812, ibid., 21617, 204. JA to Benjamin Rush, 14 May 1812, 8 January 1812, ibid., 21617, 204.

28. JA to Benjamin Rush, 11 November 1807, 31 August 1809, ibid., 9799, 152. JA to Benjamin Rush, 11 November 1807, 31 August 1809, ibid., 9799, 152.

29. JA to Richard Rush, 2 May 1814, JA to Richard Rush, 2 May 1814, AP AP, reel 95.

30. JA to Benjamin Rush, 23 July 1806, in Schutz and Adair, JA to Benjamin Rush, 23 July 1806, in Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame Spur of Fame, 61.

31. AA to TJ, 20 May 1804, AA to TJ, 20 May 1804, AJ AJ 1:26869. 1:26869.

32. TJ to AA, 14 June 1804, TJ to AA, 14 June 1804, AJ AJ 1:27071. 1:27071.

33. AA to TJ, 1 July 1804, AA to TJ, 1 July 1804, AJ AJ 1:27174. 1:27174.

34. TJ to AA, 22 July 1804, TJ to AA, 22 July 1804, AJ AJ 1:274 1:274_76, 27980.

35. AA to TJ, 25 October 1804, AA to TJ, 25 October 1804, AJ AJ 1:28082. The marginal note by John is printed at the end of this letter. 1:28082. The marginal note by John is printed at the end of this letter.

36. AA to LCA, 8 December 1804, AA to LCA, 8 December 1804, UFC UFC.

37. LCA to AA, 11 May 1806, LCA to AA, 11 May 1806, UFC UFC.

38. AA to JQA and LCA, 29 November 1805, AA to JQA and LCA, 29 November 1805, UFC UFC.

39. JA to JQA, 27 August 1815, JA to JQA, 27 August 1815, AP AP, reel 122.

40. AA to AA(2), 23 May 1809, AA to AA(2), 23 May 1809, UFC UFC.

41. AA to Caroline Amelia Smith, 2 February 1809, AA to Caroline Amelia Smith, 2 February 1809, UFC UFC; Benjamin Rush to JA, 20 September 1811, AP AP, reel 412.

42. AA to JQA, 17 November 1811, AA to JQA, 17 November 1811, AP AP, reel 412.

43. AA to JQA, 17 November 1811, AA to JQA, 17 November 1811, AP AP, reel 116.

44. AA to JQA, 13 September, 24 September, and 22 October 1813, AA to JQA, 13 September, 24 September, and 22 October 1813, AP AP, reel 116.

45. JA to Shelton Jones, 11 March 1809, JA to Shelton Jones, 11 March 1809, AP AP, reel 118; JA to Francis Vanderkemp, 5 July 1814, AP AP, reel 116; JA to Benjamin Rush, 15 January 1813, AP AP, reel 116.

46. JA to John Adams Smith, 15 October 1811, JA to John Adams Smith, 15 October 1811, UFC UFC.

47. JA to Benjamin Waterhouse, 16 August 1812, in Worthington C. Ford, ed., JA to Benjamin Waterhouse, 16 August 1812, in Worthington C. Ford, ed., Statesman and Friend: Correspondence of John Adams and Benjamin Waterhouse, 17841822 Statesman and Friend: Correspondence of John Adams and Benjamin Waterhouse, 17841822 (Boston, 1927), 81; JA to Josiah Quincy, 9 February 1811, (Boston, 1927), 81; JA to Josiah Quincy, 9 February 1811, Works Works 9:630. 9:630.

48. JA to Francis Vanderkemp, 27 December 1816, JA to Francis Vanderkemp, 27 December 1816, Works Works 10:235. 10:235.

49. JA to Benjamin Rush, 25 December 1811, in Schutz and Adair, JA to Benjamin Rush, 25 December 1811, in Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame Spur of Fame, 200202; Benjamin Rush to JA, 17 February 1812, ibid., 211; Benjamin Rush to JA, 16 October 1809, ibid., 15657.

50. Donald Stewart and George Clark, ”Misanthrope or Humanitarian: John Adams in Retirement,” Donald Stewart and George Clark, ”Misanthrope or Humanitarian: John Adams in Retirement,” NEQ NEQ 28 (1955), 232. 28 (1955), 232.

51. Josiah Quincy, Josiah Quincy, Figures of the Past Figures of the Past (Boston, 1883), 7980. It should be noted that this discussion of the Adams-Jefferson correspondence makes no pretense of being a comprehensive account. If this were a biography of John and not a book about the partners.h.i.+p between Abigail and John, the treatment of the Adams-Jefferson letters would be considerably expanded. See, for example, my (Boston, 1883), 7980. It should be noted that this discussion of the Adams-Jefferson correspondence makes no pretense of being a comprehensive account. If this were a biography of John and not a book about the partners.h.i.+p between Abigail and John, the treatment of the Adams-Jefferson letters would be considerably expanded. See, for example, my Founding Brothers Founding Brothers, 20648; American Sphinx American Sphinx, 23551; and Pa.s.sionate Sage Pa.s.sionate Sage, 11342, for fuller treatments.

52. JA to TJ, 15 July 1813, JA to TJ, 15 July 1813, AJ AJ 2:358, where the quote is from Abigail's appended note. 2:358, where the quote is from Abigail's appended note.

53. TJ to JA, 21 January 1812, and JA to TJ, 3 February 1812, TJ to JA, 21 January 1812, and JA to TJ, 3 February 1812, AJ AJ 2:291, 298. 2:291, 298.

54. JA to TJ, 15 July 1813, JA to TJ, 15 July 1813, AJ AJ 2:358. 2:358.

55. TJ to JA, 5 July 1814, and JA to TJ, 16 July 1814, TJ to JA, 5 July 1814, and JA to TJ, 16 July 1814, AJ AJ 2:430, 435. 2:430, 435.

56. JA to TJ, 1 May 1812, and TJ to JA, 27 May 1813, JA to TJ, 1 May 1812, and TJ to JA, 27 May 1813, AJ AJ 2:301, 324. 2:301, 324.

57. TJ to JA, 11 January 1816, TJ to JA, 11 January 1816, AJ AJ 2:45861. 2:45861.

58. JA to TJ, 3 February 1816, JA to TJ, 3 February 1816, AJ AJ 2:45861. 2:45861.

59. The key letters are: TJ to JA, 27 June 1813; JA to TJ, 15 July 1813; and JA to TJ, 14 August 1813, The key letters are: TJ to JA, 27 June 1813; JA to TJ, 15 July 1813; and JA to TJ, 14 August 1813, AJ AJ 2:33536, 358, 365. 2:33536, 358, 365.

60. TJ to JA, 28 October 1813, and JA to TJ, 16 July 1814, TJ to JA, 28 October 1813, and JA to TJ, 16 July 1814, AJ AJ 2:38792, 43738. The subject ignited all of John's long-suppressed convictions about human inequality and the intractable power of elites in all societies. Virtually all his letters during the summer and fall of 1813, twenty in total, deal with this fundamental disagreement between the two patriarchs. 2:38792, 43738. The subject ignited all of John's long-suppressed convictions about human inequality and the intractable power of elites in all societies. Virtually all his letters during the summer and fall of 1813, twenty in total, deal with this fundamental disagreement between the two patriarchs.

61. AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw Peabody, 10 February 1814, 29 December 1811, AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw Peabody, 10 February 1814, 29 December 1811, UFC UFC.

62. While these glimpses into the day-to-day interactions of Abigail and John are partly conjecture on my part, they are based on the few shreds of testimony from visitors and offhand observations in the couple's correspondence with each other. While these glimpses into the day-to-day interactions of Abigail and John are partly conjecture on my part, they are based on the few shreds of testimony from visitors and offhand observations in the couple's correspondence with each other.

63. AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw Peabody, 18 July 1809, AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw Peabody, 18 July 1809, UFC UFC.

64. The best biography of John Quincy is Lynn Hudson Parsons, The best biography of John Quincy is Lynn Hudson Parsons, John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams (Lanham, Md., 1998). The quotation is the t.i.tle for (Lanham, Md., 1998). The quotation is the t.i.tle for chapter 4 chapter 4, which covers his diplomatic career in St. Petersburg.

65. JA to JQA, 13 November 1816, and 26 November 1816, JA to JQA, 13 November 1816, and 26 November 1816, AP AP, reel 123.

66. JA to JQA, 10 August 1817, JA to JQA, 10 August 1817, UFC UFC; AA to Harriet Welsh, 18 August 1817, AP AP, reel 438; McCullough., John Adams McCullough., John Adams, 62021.

67. Will of Abigail Adams, 18 January 1816, Will of Abigail Adams, 18 January 1816, AP AP, reel 429. You could develop an interpretation of Abigail's independence on the basis of this final statement, and Woody Holton has done so in his recent biography, Abigail Adams Abigail Adams (New York, 2009), which strikes me as superb. (New York, 2009), which strikes me as superb.

68. JA to JQA, 6 July 1816, JA to JQA, 6 July 1816, UFC UFC.

69. JA to TJ, 20 October 1818, JA to TJ, 20 October 1818, AJ AJ 2:529; John's remark is reported in Harriet Welsh to Louisa C. A. de Windt, November 1818, 2:529; John's remark is reported in Harriet Welsh to Louisa C. A. de Windt, November 1818, AP AP, reel 445.

70. See Nagel, See Nagel, Descent from Glory Descent from Glory, 13033, for an excellent account of the death scene and the quotation from Louisa Catherine; JA to Francis Vanderkemp, 25 September 1819, AP AP, reel 124; JA to JQA, 10 November 1818, UFC UFC.

EPILOGUE. 181826 1. JA to Caroline de Windt, 15 March 1820, JA to Caroline de Windt, 15 March 1820, AP AP, reel 124.2. JA to LCA, 8 May 1820, JA to LCA, 8 May 1820, AP AP, reel 124; JA to LCA, 29 January 1820, AP AP, reel 124.3. LCA to JA, 16 April 1819, LCA to JA, 16 April 1819, AP AP, reel 124.4. LCA, LCA, The Adventures of a n.o.body, AP The Adventures of a n.o.body, AP, reel 269.5. JA to Peter de Windt, 15 March 1820, JA to Peter de Windt, 15 March 1820, AP AP, reel 124; JA to Elihu Marshall, 7 March 1820, Works Works 10:38889. 10:38889.6. JA to LCA, 21 October 1820, JA to LCA, 21 October 1820, AP AP, reel 450.7. JA to TJ, JA to TJ, AJ AJ 2:57172. 2:57172.8. TJ to JA, TJ to JA, AJ AJ 2:600601. 2:600601.9. JA to TJ, JA to TJ, AJ AJ 2:6012. 2:6012.10. TJ to JA, TJ to JA, AJ AJ 2:61314. 2:61314.11. JA to CFA, 3 December 1825, JA to CFA, 3 December 1825, AP AP, reel 473.12. Josiah Quincy, Josiah Quincy, Figures of the Past Figures of the Past (Boston, 1883), 61; Richard McLanathan, (Boston, 1883), 61; Richard McLanathan, Gilbert Stuart Gilbert Stuart (New York, 1986), 187; JA to Charles Carroll, 12 July 1820, (New York, 1986), 187; JA to Charles Carroll, 12 July 1820, AP AP, reel 123.13. Quincy, Quincy, Figures of the Past Figures of the Past, 6465.14. Ibid., 8082. Ibid., 8082.15. JA to LCA, 22 December 1818, JA to LCA, 22 December 1818, AP AP, reel 123.16. JA to JQA, 24 December 1818, JA to JQA, 24 December 1818, AP AP, reel 123; JA to Benjamin Rush, 27 December 1812, in Alexander Biddle, ed., Old Family Letters Old Family Letters (Philadelphia, 1892) 432. (Philadelphia, 1892) 432.17. JA to JQA, 24 December 1818, JA to JQA, 24 December 1818, AP AP, reel 123.18. JA to Alexander Johnson, 4 January 1823, JA to Alexander Johnson, 4 January 1823, AP AP, reel 124.19. JA to JQA, 24 May 1815, JA to JQA, 24 May 1815, AP AP, reel 122.20. JA to TJ, 17 April 1826, JA to TJ, 17 April 1826, AJ AJ 2:614. 2:614.21. JA to TJ, 25 February 1825, JA to TJ, 25 February 1825, AJ AJ 2:610. 2:610.22. ”The Diary of George Whitney,” ”The Diary of George Whitney,” AP AP, reel 475.23. John Marston to JQA, 8 July 1826, John Marston to JQA, 8 July 1826, AP AP, reel 476.24. There has been some suspicion that the reference to Jefferson was fabricated long after the fact, because it seems so melodramatic. But the written account of two witnesses soon after John's death confirms the remark. See Susan Boylston Adams Clark to Abigail Louise Smith Adams Johnson, 9 July 1826, A. B. Johnson Papers, Ma.s.sachusetts Historical Society, Boston. There has been some suspicion that the reference to Jefferson was fabricated long after the fact, because it seems so melodramatic. But the written account of two witnesses soon after John's death confirms the remark. See Susan Boylston Adams Clark to Abigail Louise Smith Adams Johnson, 9 July 1826, A. B. Johnson Papers, Ma.s.sachusetts Historical Society, Boston.

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