Part 7 (2/2)

67. JA to JQA, 29 November 1795, JA to JQA, 29 November 1795, UFC UFC.

68. JA to AA, 5, 7, and 20 January 1796, JA to AA, 5, 7, and 20 January 1796, UFC UFC.

69. AA to JA, 21 January and 14 February 1796, AA to JA, 21 January and 14 February 1796, UFC UFC.

70. JA to AA, 15 February 1796, 10 February 1796, JA to AA, 15 February 1796, 10 February 1796, UFC UFC.

71. AA to JA, 20 February 1796, AA to JA, 20 February 1796, UFC UFC; JA to AA, 1 March 1796, UFC UFC.

72. AA to JA, 28 February 1796, AA to JA, 28 February 1796, UFC UFC.

73. JA to AA, 9 April 1796, JA to AA, 9 April 1796, UFC UFC; AA to JA, 4 December 1796, UFC UFC.

74. JA to AA, 8 December 1796, 7 December 1796, JA to AA, 8 December 1796, 7 December 1796, UFC UFC.

75. AA to JA, 1 January 1797, AA to JA, 1 January 1797, UFC UFC.

76. JA to AA, 27 December 1796, JA to AA, 27 December 1796, UFC UFC.

77. AA to JA, 31 December 1796, AA to JA, 31 December 1796, UFC UFC.

78. AA to JA, 15 January 1797, AA to JA, 15 January 1797, UFC UFC.

CHAPTER SIX. 17961801.

1. TJ to James Madison, 8 January 1797, TJ to James Madison, 8 January 1797, JM JM 2:955; 2:955; Aurora Aurora, 6 March 1797; William Duane, ”A Letter to Was.h.i.+ngton” (Philadelphia, 1796); AA to JA, 23 December 1796, UFC UFC.2. AA to JA, 15 January 1797, AA to JA, 15 January 1797, UFC UFC; AA to JA, 31 December 1796, UFC UFC; AA to JA, 28 January 1797, UFC UFC. The standard account of the Adams presidency is Stephen G. Kurtz, The Presidency of John Adams: The Collapse of Federalism, 17841800 The Presidency of John Adams: The Collapse of Federalism, 17841800 (Philadelphia, 1957). (Philadelphia, 1957).3. JA to Elbridge Gerry, 20 February 1797, JA to Elbridge Gerry, 20 February 1797, AP AP, reel 117; TJ to James Madison, 1 January 1797, 22 January 1798, JM JM 2:953, 95960. 2:953, 95960.4. TJ to JA, 28 December 1796, TJ to JA, 28 December 1796, JM JM 2:96162; JA to AA, 1 and 3 January 1797, 2:96162; JA to AA, 1 and 3 January 1797, UFC UFC; AA to JA, 18 March 1797, UFC UFC.5. James Madison to TJ, 15 January 1797, James Madison to TJ, 15 January 1797, JM JM 2:95658. 2:95658.6. I have told this story in somewhat greater detail in I have told this story in somewhat greater detail in Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation (New York, 2000), 184; John's recollection of the episode is in (New York, 2000), 184; John's recollection of the episode is in Works Works 9:285. 9:285.7. JA to AA, 13 March 1797, JA to AA, 13 March 1797, UFC UFC; AA to JA, 2 March 1797, UFC UFC; JA to JQA, 3 November 1797, UFC UFC. On Jefferson's machinations, see Elkins and McKitrick, The Age of Federalism The Age of Federalism, 566.8. JA to AA, 17 March 1797, JA to AA, 17 March 1797, UFC UFC9. JA to AA, 5, 9, 17, and 27 March 1797, JA to AA, 5, 9, 17, and 27 March 1797, UFC UFC.

10. JQA to JA, 3 February, 4 March, and 20 May 1797, JQA to JA, 3 February, 4 March, and 20 May 1797, UFC UFC, for John Quincy's quite extraordinary a.n.a.lysis of French policy toward the United States.

11. JQA to JA, 21 May 1797, JQA to JA, 21 May 1797, UFC UFC.

12. AA to JA, 26 April 1797, AA to JA, 26 April 1797, UFC UFC.

13. Alexander Hamilton to James McHenry, 21 April 1797, Alexander Hamilton to James McHenry, 21 April 1797, HP HP 20:57475. An excellent account of Hamilton's behind-the-scenes behavior is in John 20:57475. An excellent account of Hamilton's behind-the-scenes behavior is in John Ferling, John Adams: A Life Ferling, John Adams: A Life (Knoxville, 1995), 343. (Knoxville, 1995), 343.

14. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 23 June 1797, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 23 June 1797, UFC UFC.

15. Aurora Aurora, 16 June 1798.

16. George Was.h.i.+ngton to JA, 28 February 1797, George Was.h.i.+ngton to JA, 28 February 1797, Works Works 8:52930. 8:52930.

17. JA to JQA, 25 October and 3 November 1797; AA to JQA, 3 November 1797, JA to JQA, 25 October and 3 November 1797; AA to JQA, 3 November 1797, UFC UFC; JQA to AA, 28 December 1797, UFC UFC.

18. Aurora Aurora, 17 May 1797, 26 May 1797.

19. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 6 June 1797, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 6 June 1797, UFC UFC; AA to Mercy Otis Warren, 1 October 1797, UFC UFC.

20. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 20 and 27 March 1798, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 20 and 27 March 1798, UFC UFC; AA to Hannah Cus.h.i.+ng, 9 March 1798, UFC UFC.

21. JQA to AA, 29 December 1797, JQA to AA, 29 December 1797, UFC UFC; JA to Cotton Tufts, 18 November 1797, UFC UFC.

22. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 20 March 1798, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 20 March 1798, UFC UFC.

23. AA to TBA, 4 April 1798, AA to TBA, 4 April 1798, UFC UFC.

24. AA to TBA, 1 May 1798, AA to TBA, 1 May 1798, UFC UFC.

25. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 10 May 1798, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 10 May 1798, UFC UFC.

26. JQA to JA, 15 April 1798, JQA to JA, 15 April 1798, UFC UFC.

27. AA to WSS, 8 April 1798, AA to WSS, 8 April 1798, UFC UFC; AA to Norton Quincy, 12 April 1798, UFC UFC; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 13 April 1798, UFC UFC.

28. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 22 April and 26 May 1798, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 22 April and 26 May 1798, UFC UFC; AA to JQA, 26 May 1798, UFC UFC.

29. The standard work is James Morton Smith, The standard work is James Morton Smith, Freedom's Fetters: The Alien and Sedition Laws and American Civil Liberties Freedom's Fetters: The Alien and Sedition Laws and American Civil Liberties (Ithaca, 1956). For a somewhat less harsh a.s.sessment of Adams, see Elkins and McKitrick, (Ithaca, 1956). For a somewhat less harsh a.s.sessment of Adams, see Elkins and McKitrick, The Age of Federalism The Age of Federalism, 59093, which cautions against imposing our modern notion of civil liberties on an era that was still groping toward a more expansive version of First Amendment protections.

30. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 21 May 1798, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 21 May 1798, UFC UFC; AA to Cotton Tufts, 25 May 1798, UFC UFC; AA to WSS, 20 March 1798, UFC UFC.

31. JA to George Was.h.i.+ngton, 7 July 1798, JA to George Was.h.i.+ngton, 7 July 1798, Works Works 8:575. 8:575.

32. JA to James McHenry, 22 October 1798, JA to James McHenry, 22 October 1798, Works Works 8:61213. 8:61213.

33. HP HP 21:381447. 21:381447.

34. Ron Chernow, Ron Chernow, Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton (New York, 2004), 54668, provides the fullest and fairest account. (New York, 2004), 54668, provides the fullest and fairest account.

35. Ibid., 568. Ibid., 568.

36. AA to WSS, 7 July 1798, AA to WSS, 7 July 1798, UFC UFC.

37. AA(2) to JQA, 28 September 1798, AA(2) to JQA, 28 September 1798, UFC UFC, for a description of Abigail's ailments; AA to JQA, 20 July 1798, UFC UFC.

38. JA to AA, 1 February 1799, JA to AA, 1 February 1799, UFC UFC.

39. JQA to JA, 25 September 1798, JQA to JA, 25 September 1798, UFC UFC.

40. JA to AA, 25 February 1799, JA to AA, 25 February 1799, UFC UFC.

41. AA to JA, 27 February 1799, AA to JA, 27 February 1799, UFC UFC.

42. JA to AA, 22 February 1799, JA to AA, 22 February 1799, UFC UFC.

43. Pickering's comment is in Pickering's comment is in HP HP, 22:49495.

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