Part 6 (1/2)

60. JA to AA, 22 March 1782, JA to AA, 22 March 1782, AFC AFC 4:301. 4:301.

61. JA to AA, 15 August 1782, JA to AA, 15 August 1782, AFC AFC 4:36061. 4:36061.

62. It is possible, indeed probable, that John's account of the number of letters lost at sea was inflated. It is possible, indeed probable, that John's account of the number of letters lost at sea was inflated.

63. JA to AA, 12 October 1782, JA to AA, 12 October 1782, AFC AFC 5:1516. 5:1516.

64. JA to Edmund Jenings, 20 July 1782, JA to Edmund Jenings, 20 July 1782, AP AP 13:18890. 13:18890.

65. JA to AA, 8 November 1782, JA to AA, 8 November 1782, AFC AFC 5:2829, in which John describes how he and Jay pressured Franklin to accept the concept of a separate peace. 5:2829, in which John describes how he and Jay pressured Franklin to accept the concept of a separate peace.

66. DA DA 3:81. The story of the negotiations leading up to the Treaty of Paris has more twists and turns than this brief summary can possibly capture. The authoritative history is Richard B. Morris, 3:81. The story of the negotiations leading up to the Treaty of Paris has more twists and turns than this brief summary can possibly capture. The authoritative history is Richard B. Morris, The Peacemakers: The Great Powers and American Independence The Peacemakers: The Great Powers and American Independence (New York, 1965). See also Ronald Hoffman and Peter J. Albert, eds., (New York, 1965). See also Ronald Hoffman and Peter J. Albert, eds., Peace and Peacemakers: The Treaty of 1783 Peace and Peacemakers: The Treaty of 1783 (Charlottesville, 1986). The scholars.h.i.+p on this auspicious moment in American diplomatic history tends to divide along pro-Franklin or pro-Adams lines, with the former position enjoying a clear hegemony, invariably at the expense of Adams's reputation. See, for example, James H. Hutson, (Charlottesville, 1986). The scholars.h.i.+p on this auspicious moment in American diplomatic history tends to divide along pro-Franklin or pro-Adams lines, with the former position enjoying a clear hegemony, invariably at the expense of Adams's reputation. See, for example, James H. Hutson, John Adams and the Diplomacy of the American Revolution John Adams and the Diplomacy of the American Revolution (Lexington, Ky., 1980). More recently, however, Adams advocates have become more numerous. See, for example, John Ferling, ”John Adams, Diplomat,” (Lexington, Ky., 1980). More recently, however, Adams advocates have become more numerous. See, for example, John Ferling, ”John Adams, Diplomat,” WMQ WMQ 51 (April 1994), 22752. While, like Ferling, I lean in the Adams direction, my deepest conviction is that the scholarly debate needs to free itself of the partisan prejudices of the partic.i.p.ants and recognize that the success of the American negotiating team depended on the complementary strengths of both Franklin and Adams, but also on the extremely weak hand that history had dealt the British side. 51 (April 1994), 22752. While, like Ferling, I lean in the Adams direction, my deepest conviction is that the scholarly debate needs to free itself of the partisan prejudices of the partic.i.p.ants and recognize that the success of the American negotiating team depended on the complementary strengths of both Franklin and Adams, but also on the extremely weak hand that history had dealt the British side.

67. The correspondence and draft articles that paved the way for the Provisional Treaty are in The correspondence and draft articles that paved the way for the Provisional Treaty are in PA PA 14:2102. The treaty itself is in 14:2102. The treaty itself is in PA PA 14:1039. 14:1039.

68. AA to JA, 7 April 1783, AA to JA, 7 April 1783, AFC AFC 5:11617; JA to AA, 4 December 1782, 5:11617; JA to AA, 4 December 1782, AFC AFC 5:4647. 5:4647.

69. JA to AA, 30 May 1782, JA to AA, 30 May 1782, AFC AFC 5:167. 5:167.

70. JA to AA, 7 April 1783, JA to AA, 7 April 1783, AFC AFC 5:11921; JA to AA, 11 April 1783, 5:11921; JA to AA, 11 April 1783, AFC AFC 5:121; JA to AA, 16 April 1783, 5:121; JA to AA, 16 April 1783, AFC AFC 5:12527. 5:12527.

71. AA to JA, 30 June 1783, AA to JA, 30 June 1783, AFC AFC 5:18890. 5:18890.

72. JA to AA, 11 April 1783, JA to AA, 11 April 1783, AFC AFC 5:12122; 5:12122; DA DA 3:4143, 50. 3:4143, 50.

73. JA to AA, 16 April 1783, JA to AA, 16 April 1783, AFC AFC 5:12527. 5:12527.

74. AA to JA, 15 December 1783, AA to JA, 15 December 1783, AFC AFC 5:280. 5:280.

75. AA to JA, 7 December 1783, AA to JA, 7 December 1783, AFC AFC 5:27678. 5:27678.

76. JA to AA, 8 November 1783, JA to AA, 8 November 1783, AFC AFC 5:26566; AA to JA, 20 November 1783, 5:26566; AA to JA, 20 November 1783, AFC AFC 5:271. 5:271.

77. AA to Elbridge Gerry, 19 March 1784, AA to Elbridge Gerry, 19 March 1784, AFC AFC 5:31112; Elbridge Gerry to AA, 16 April 1784, 5:31112; Elbridge Gerry to AA, 16 April 1784, AFC AFC 5:32021. 5:32021.

78. AA to JA, 3 January 1784, AA to JA, 3 January 1784, AFC AFC 5:29192; AA to JA, 11 February 1783, 5:29192; AA to JA, 11 February 1783, AFC AFC 5:3023. 5:3023.

79. Editorial note, Editorial note, AFC AFC 5:35051, for the voyage and arrival in London; 5:35051, for the voyage and arrival in London; DA DA 4:15467, for Abigail's diary. See also Levin, 4:15467, for Abigail's diary. See also Levin, Abigail Adams Abigail Adams, 16773.

CHAPTER FOUR. 178489.

1. Abigail kept a journal of her voyage and early weeks in London, written in the form of a long letter to her sister Mary Smith Cranch. The Copley portion of her commentary is in Abigail kept a journal of her voyage and early weeks in London, written in the form of a long letter to her sister Mary Smith Cranch. The Copley portion of her commentary is in AFC AFC 5:37374. 5:37374.2. AFC AFC 5:382; JA to AA, 1 August 1784, 5:382; JA to AA, 1 August 1784, AFC AFC 5:416; JA to JQA, 1 August 1784, 5:416; JA to JQA, 1 August 1784, AFC AFC 5:41617; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 30 July 1784, 5:41617; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 30 July 1784, AFC AFC 5:382. 5:382.3. AFC AFC 5:430, 43335, 43940; AA to Cotton Tufts, 8 September 1784, 5:430, 43335, 43940; AA to Cotton Tufts, 8 September 1784, AFC AFC 5:45659. Howard C. Rice, 5:45659. Howard C. Rice, The Adams Family in Auteuil, 17841785 The Adams Family in Auteuil, 17841785 (Boston, 1956). (Boston, 1956).4. AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw, 14 December 1784, AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw, 14 December 1784, AFC AFC 6:29. 6:29.5. AA to Mercy Otis Warren, 5 September 1784, AA to Mercy Otis Warren, 5 September 1784, AFC AFC 5:44651. 5:44651.6. AA to Lucy Cranch, 5 September 1784, AA to Lucy Cranch, 5 September 1784, AFC AFC 5:43638. 5:43638.7. AA to Hannah Quincy Lincoln Storer, 20 January 1785, AA to Hannah Quincy Lincoln Storer, 20 January 1785, AFC AFC 6:65. 6:65.8. AFC AFC 6:6667. 6:6667.9. AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw, 13 December 1784, AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw, 13 December 1784, AFC AFC 6:56; AA to Cotton Tufts, 2 May 1785, 6:56; AA to Cotton Tufts, 2 May 1785, AFC AFC 6:1039. 6:1039.

10. AA to JQA, 20 March 1786, AA to JQA, 20 March 1786, AFC AFC 7:97. 7:97.

11. AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw, 11 January 1785, AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw, 11 January 1785, AFC AFC 6:5657; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 20 February 1785, 6:5657; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 20 February 1785, AFC AFC 6:67; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 15 April 1785, 6:67; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 15 April 1785, AFC AFC 6:84. 6:84.

12. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 20 February 1785, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 20 February 1785, AFC AFC 6:6768. 6:6768.

13. AA to Cotton Tufts, 3 January 1785, AA to Cotton Tufts, 3 January 1785, AFC AFC 6:43; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 15 April 1785, 6:43; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 15 April 1785, AFC AFC 6:84. 6:84.

14. My effort here to recover the daily interactions of the Adams family at Auteuil represents a distillation of multiple letters from Abigail in 178485, in which the ordinary conversations are usually mentioned as asides. The last scene is described in AA to Royall Tyler, 4 January 1785, My effort here to recover the daily interactions of the Adams family at Auteuil represents a distillation of multiple letters from Abigail in 178485, in which the ordinary conversations are usually mentioned as asides. The last scene is described in AA to Royall Tyler, 4 January 1785, AFC AFC 6:45. The fact that Abigail's fullest account of a domestic scene was written to Tyler suggests that she still, at this stage, regarded him as a potential member of the Adams family. 6:45. The fact that Abigail's fullest account of a domestic scene was written to Tyler suggests that she still, at this stage, regarded him as a potential member of the Adams family.

15. JA to James Warren, 27 August 1784; JA to Elbridge Gerry, 12 December 1784, JA to James Warren, 27 August 1784; JA to Elbridge Gerry, 12 December 1784, PA PA 7:38283. 7:38283.

16. AA to TJ, 6 June 1785, AA to TJ, 6 June 1785, AFC AFC 6:16973; JA to TJ, 22 January 1825, A 6:16973; JA to TJ, 22 January 1825, AJ 2:606. 2:606.

17. More specific doc.u.mentation of Jefferson's visionary views of international trade appears in subsequent notes. This preliminary a.s.sessment of his mental habits is based on my earlier effort (in More specific doc.u.mentation of Jefferson's visionary views of international trade appears in subsequent notes. This preliminary a.s.sessment of his mental habits is based on my earlier effort (in American Sphinx American Sphinx, 64117) to capture his mentality at this stage of his career.

18. JA to TJ, 4 September 1785, JA to TJ, 4 September 1785, AJ AJ 1:61. 1:61.

19. Lord Dorset to American Commissioners, 13 April 1785, Lord Dorset to American Commissioners, 13 April 1785, JP JP 7:5556; JA to TJ, 6 June 1786, 7:5556; JA to TJ, 6 June 1786, AJ AJ 1:13334. 1:13334.

20. TJ and JA to American Commissioners, 28 March 1786, TJ and JA to American Commissioners, 28 March 1786, JP JP 9:35759. 9:35759.

21. Editorial note, ”Jefferson's Proposed Concert of Powers Against the Barbary Pirates,” July-December 1786, Editorial note, ”Jefferson's Proposed Concert of Powers Against the Barbary Pirates,” July-December 1786, JP JP 10:56066. 10:56066.

22. JA to TJ, 3 July 1786, JA to TJ, 3 July 1786, AJ AJ 1:14243; JA to John Jay, 15 December 1784, 1:14243; JA to John Jay, 15 December 1784, Works Works 8:21719; JA to TJ, 6 June 1786, 8:21719; JA to TJ, 6 June 1786, AJ AJ 1:133. 1:133.

23. JA to TJ, 31 July 1786, JA to TJ, 31 July 1786, AJ AJ 1:146; JA to TJ, 17 February 1786, 1:146; JA to TJ, 17 February 1786, AJ AJ 1:121. 1:121.

24. The extensive correspondence between Abigail and Jefferson that doc.u.ments my interpretation here can be found in The extensive correspondence between Abigail and Jefferson that doc.u.ments my interpretation here can be found in AFC AFC 6:22324, 26265, 33334, 34647, 39092, 41415, 42223, 43739, 44142, 46668, 48889, 49597. 6:22324, 26265, 33334, 34647, 39092, 41415, 42223, 43739, 44142, 46668, 48889, 49597.

25. TJ to AA, 9 August 1786, TJ to AA, 9 August 1786, AFC AFC 7:31213; AA to TJ, 19 October 1785, 7:31213; AA to TJ, 19 October 1785, AFC AFC 6:43739. 6:43739.

26. TJ to AA, 25 September 1785, TJ to AA, 25 September 1785, AFC AFC 6:39092; AA to TJ, 7 October 1785, 6:39092; AA to TJ, 7 October 1785, AFC AFC 6:41415. 6:41415.

27. TJ to AA, 9 August 1786, TJ to AA, 9 August 1786, AFC AFC 6:312. 6:312.

28. TJ to AA, 22 February 1787, TJ to AA, 22 February 1787, AFC AFC 6:46869; AA to TJ, 29 January 1787, 6:46869; AA to TJ, 29 January 1787, AFC AFC 6:455. 6:455.

29. AA to TJ, 26 June 1787, AA to TJ, 26 June 1787, AFC AFC 8:9293. 8:9293.

30. AA to TJ, 6 July 1787, AA to TJ, 6 July 1787, AFC AFC 8:1079. 8:1079.

31. AA to TJ, 10 July 1787, AA to TJ, 10 July 1787, AFC AFC 8:10910. 8:10910.

32. TJ to JA, 21 June 1785, TJ to JA, 21 June 1785, AJ AJ 1:34; JA to TJ, 22 May 1785, 1:34; JA to TJ, 22 May 1785, AJ AJ 1:21. 1:21.

33. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 24 June 1785, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 24 June 1785, AFC AFC 6:192. 6:192.

34. DA DA 3:184. 3:184.

35. JA to John Jay, 2 June 1785, JA to John Jay, 2 June 1785, Works Works 8:25559. 8:25559.