Part 25 (2/2)

12. _Signature:_ Sharps or flats used as signatures affect the staff degrees they occupy and all octaves of the same.

Example: With signature of four sharps, the first one affects the fifth line and the first s.p.a.ce; the second, the third s.p.a.ce; the third, the s.p.a.ce above and the second line; the fourth, the fourth line and the s.p.a.ce below. _Do not say_: ”F and C are sharped,” ”ti is sharped,” ”B is flatted,” ”fa is flatted.” ”Sharpened” or ”flattened” are undesirable.

13. _Brace:_ The two or more staffs containing parts to be sounded together; also the vertical line or bracket connecting such staffs. _Not_ ”line” or ”score.” ”Staff” is better than ”line” for a single staff, and ”score” is used meaning the book containing an entire work, as ”vocal score,” ”orchestral score,” ”full score.”

14. _Notes:_ Notes are characters designed to represent relative duration. When placed on staff-degrees they _indicate_ pitch. (Note the difference between ”represent” and ”indicate.”) ”Sing what the note calls for” means, sing a tone of the pitch represented by the staff degree occupied by the note-head. The answer to the question: ”What is that note?”

would be ”half-note,” ”eighth-note” according to the denomination of the note in question, whether it was on or off the staff.

15. _Measure-sign:_ 4-4, 2-4, 6-8, are _measure-signs_. Avoid ”time signatures,” ”meter-signatures,” ”the fraction,”

”time-marks.” Example: What is the measure-sign? (C) Ans. A broken circle. What is its meaning? Ans. Four-quarter measure.

(Not four-four time, four-four rhythm, four-four meter.)

16. _Note Placing:_ Place a quarter note on the fourth line.

Not ”put a quarter note on D.”

17. _Beat-Pulse:_ A tone or rest occurs on a certain beat or pulse of a measure. Not on a certain _count_.

18. _Signature Terminology:_ The right hand sharp in the signature is on the staff degree that represents seven of the major scale. Not ”always on 7 or ti.”

19. _Signature Terminology:_ The right hand flat in the signature is on the staff degree that represents four of the major scale. Not ”always on fa.”

20. _Rote, Note, Syllable:_ Singing by rote means that the singer sings something learned by ear without regard to notes.

Singing by note means that the singer is guided to the correct pitch by visible notes. Singing by syllable means that the singer sings the tones of a song or part to the sol-fa syllables instead of to words, neutral vowels or the hum.

”Sing by note” is not correct if the direction means simply to sing the sol-fa syllables, whether in sight reading, rote singing, or memory work. ”Sing by syllable” would be correct in each case.

ADOPTIONS OF THE 1911 MEETING AT SAN FRANCISCO

Arabic numerals, either 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, or 12, placed on the staff directly after the signature and above the third line, show the number of beats in a measure.

A note, either a quarter or a dotted quarter, placed in parenthesis under the numeral, represents the length of one beat and is called the beat-note.

The numeral and the beat-note thus grouped const.i.tute the measure-sign.

Ill.u.s.trative statements covering proper terminology: the tune ”America” is written in three-quarter measure. The chorus: ”How lovely are the Messengers” is written in two-dotted quarter measure.

The above forms of statement were adopted at Denver in 1909, and are recommended for general use when speaking of music written with the conventional measure-signs, etc.

In place of: ”two-two time, three-eight time, four-four time,”

say as above: ”This piece is written in two-half measure, three-eighth measure, four-quarter measure.”

MINOR SCALES

_Primitive Minor (ascending)_

The minor scale form having minor sixth and minor seventh above tonic to be called Primitive Minor.

Ill.u.s.trative examples. A minor: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, a; C minor: c, d, e flat, f, g, a flat, b flat, c. [Transcriber's Note: Supplied b flat missing from original.]

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