Part 19 (1/2)

”Yes, but it didn't taint our food any. It was an ideal steam cooker.

Farther down the valley were some vents hot enough to fry bacon.”

”I should think it would have steamed it,” said Ted.

”No, we found one vent where the steam came so hot that it didn't condense for several feet above ground; the only trouble was that the frying pan had a tendency to go flying up in the air and the cook had to have a strong arm to hold it down.”

At the picture his memory evoked, Norris burst into hearty chuckles. ”As the bacon got crisp, of course it didn't weigh so heavy, and there always came a point where it began to fly out of the pan. Then we'd all stand around, and it was the liveliest man that caught the most breakfast.

”There was another camp convenience, too, there in Hades, as the valley has been named.”

”Thar, didn't I tell you so?” triumphed Long Lester.

”And they named the river Lethe. A river that ran down from the melting glaciers,--though it almost all goes up in smoke, as it were,--in steam, before it gets out of the hot part. This river whirls along, and in places the steam actually boils up through the ice water, or along the banks. I used to think it was an awful pity there were no fish in that stream, because we could have cooked them without taking them off the hook.”

”Huh!” The old prospector shook his head. ”I've thought all along this here was a fish story.”

”But it's gospel truth,” Norris a.s.sured him. ”I mean about the valley. I _said_ there were no fish. Everything we ate, by the way, had to be packed in on our backs. It was no place for horses, where in places the ground fairly shook beneath our feet, and if it were to give way, we'd find ourselves sure enough in hot water.”

”It must have been almighty dangerous,” gasped Ted.

”Well, not after we learned the ropes. Sometimes we accidentally put a foot through a thin place and steam came through. I a.s.sure you we stepped lively then. At other times our feet sank into the soft, hot mud.

”By the way, there is a mountain across the head of the valley that looks like a crouching dog, and it has been named Cerberus.”

”Were those geysers, those ten thousand smokes?” asked the old prospector.

”No, a geyser comes after volcanic activity, while here something is still likely to happen. A geyser begins as a column of steam and hot water, which erupts as often as the water gets to the boiling point. It follows that the water must acc.u.mulate in rock not so hot that it would instantly vaporize it. But the rock underlying this valley is so hot that no water can acc.u.mulate.”

”How large are the vents through which the steam comes?” asked Ted.

”All sizes down to nothing at all. There are even a few craters 100 feet across, that have been produced by volcanic explosions. You will find these craters, generally, along a large fissure, just the way you find the Aleutian chain of volcanoes along a fissure in the earth's crust several hundred miles in length.

”There are fissures all along the margins of the valley, besides those in the center, and many of these have one side standing higher than the other, showing them to be earthquake faults,--the same sort of thing we see here in the rocks of the Sierras. And you should hear the hissing and roaring of the steam as it forces its way up through these fissures from the hot depths beneath. Sometimes it looks like blue smoke, it is so full of gases, especially sulphur dioxide, the gas that is given off by burning sulphur. So the popular notion of Hades isn't so far off after all, eh?”

”Could you smell the sulphur fumes?”

”Sometimes, yes,--when the other gases did not overwhelm the odor. But the weirdest part of all is the incrustations along the borders of the vents. All colors of the rainbows--shapes as fantastic as anything in fairyland. Lots of yellow, of course, from the sulphur,--crystals of it, some of them neighbor to an orange tinted crystal, lying in the blue mud.

It was a beautiful color combination. Then there were green and gray alum crystals which looked like growing lichens. There were also deep green algae actually growing. Strange how certain designs are used over and over again in nature! In other places the mud is actually burned brick red, especially where the fumaroles are burnt out. This shades to purple, and in other places to pink. But the most surprising, perhaps, were the white vents just tinted with a delicate pink or cream.

”The largest fissure of all, one lying at the foot of Mt. Mageik, is filled with the clear green water of a melted glacier. And above, the mountain smokes away into the clouds!”

”It must be a marvelous place!” said Ace. ”I suppose it was regular ice water.”

Norris laughed. ”That is the funny part of it. It's not. The water is actually warm, or rather, tepid, in places, on account of the heat from below.”

”So you had good swimming even in Alaska.”

”We might have had. And then I must tell you about Novarupta. That's the largest vent in the valley, and it is something you won't see very many places in the world, a new volcano. It was only formed at the time of the eruption of 1912, and it is one of the largest volcanoes in the world to-day,--with a crater much larger than that of Vesuvius.”