Part 1 (1/2)
The Book-Collector.
by William Carew Hazlitt.
PREFACE
SEVERAL monographs by contemporary scholars on the inexhaustible theme of Book-Collecting have made their appearance during the last twenty years. All such undertakings have more or less their independent value and merit from the fact that each is apt to reflect and preserve the special experiences and predilections of the immediate author; and so it happens in the present case. A succession of Essays on the same subject is bound to traverse the same ground, yet no two of them, perhaps, work from the same seeing point, and there may be beyond the topic substantially little in common between them and the rest of the literature, which has steadily acc.u.mulated round this attractive and fruitful subject for bookman and artist.
During a very long course of years I have had occasion to study books in all their branches, in almost all tongues, of almost all periods, personally and closely. No early English volumes, while I have been on the track, have, if I could help it, escaped my scrutiny; and I have not let them pa.s.s from my hands without noting every particular which seemed to me important and interesting in a historical, literary, biographical, and bibliographical respect. The result of these protracted and laborious investigations is partly manifest in my _Bibliographical Collections_, 1867-1903, extending to eight octavo volumes; but a good deal of matter remained, which could not be utilised in that series or in my other miscellaneous contributions to _belles lettres_.
So it happened that I found myself the possessor of a considerable body of information, covering the entire field of Book-Collecting in Great Britain and Ireland and on the European continent, and incidentally ill.u.s.trating such cognate features as Printing Materials, Binding, and Inscriptions or Autographs, some enhancing the interest of an already interesting item, others conferring on an otherwise valueless one a peculiar claim to notice.
My collections insensibly a.s.sumed the proportions of the volume now submitted to the public; and in the process of seeing the sheets through the press certain supplementary Notes suggested themselves, and form an Appendix. It has been my endeavour to render the Index as complete a clue as possible to the whole of the matter within the covers.
As my thoughts carry me back to the time--it is fifty years--when I commenced my inquiries into literary antiquities, I see that I have lived to witness a new Hegira: New Ideas, New Tastes, New Authors. The American Market and the Shakespear movement[1] have turned everything and everybody upside down. But Time will prove the friend of some of us.
In the following pages I have avoided the repet.i.tion of particulars to be found in my _Four Generations of a Literary Family_, 1897, and in my _Confessions of a Collector_, 1897, so far as they concern the immediate subject-matter.
W. C. H.
BARNES COMMON, SURREY, _October 1904_.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] See the writer's _Shakespear, Himself and his Work: A Study from New Points of View_, second edition, revised, with important additions, and several facsimiles, 8vo, 1903.
HISTORY OF BOOK-COLLECTING
CHAPTER I
The plan--The writer's practical career--Deficiency of a general knowledge of the subject--The Printed Book and the Ma.n.u.script independent branches of study--The rich and the poor collector--Their relative systems and advantages--Great results achieved by persons of moderate fortune--The Rev. Thomas Corser--Lamb and Coleridge--Human interest resident in collections formed by such men, and the genuine pleasure experienced by the owners--A case or two stated--The Chevalier D'Eon--The contrary practice--Comparatively early culture in the provinces and interchange of books--Lady collectors--Rarity of hereditary libraries--The alterations in the aspect of books--The Mill a fellow-labourer with the Press--A word about values and prices--Our social inst.i.tutions answerable for the difference of feeling about book-collecting--Districts formerly rich in libraries--Distributing centres--Possibility of yet unexplored ground--The Universities and Inns of Court--Successful book-hunting in Scotland and Ireland--Present gravitation of all valuable books to London.
A MANUAL for the more immediate and especial use of English-speaking inquirers is bound to limit itself, in the first place, mainly to the literary products of the three kingdoms and the colonies; and, secondly, to a broad and general indication of the various paths which it is open to any one to pursue according to his tastes or possibilities, with clues to the best sources of intelligence and guidance. The English collector, where he crosses the border, as it were, and admits works of foreign origin into his bookcase, does not often do so on a large scale; but he may be naturally tempted to make exceptions in favour of certain _chefs-d'oeuvre_ irrespective of nationality. There are books and tracts which commend themselves by their typographical importance, by their direct bearing on maritime discovery, by their momentous relation to the fine arts, or by their link with some great personality. These stand out in relief from the normal category of foreign literature; they speak a language which should be intelligible to all.
It must be obvious that in a restricted s.p.a.ce a writer has no scope for anecdote and gossip, if they are not actually out of place in a technical undertaking. Yet we have endeavoured to lay before our readers, in as legible a form as possible, a view of the subject and counsel as to the various methods and lines of Collecting.
Such an enterprise as we offer, in the face of several which have already appeared under various t.i.tles and auspices, may at first sight seem redundant; but perhaps it is not really the case. A book of this cla.s.s is, as a rule, written by a scholar for scholars; that is all very well, and very charming the result is capable of proving. Or, again, the book is addressed by a bibliographer to bibliographers; and here there may be, with a vast deal that is highly instructive, a tendency to bare _technique_, which does not commend itself to many outside the professional or special lines. It was thought, under these circ.u.mstances, that a new volume, combining readability and a fair proportion of general interest with practical information and advice, was ent.i.tled to favourable consideration; and the peculiar training of the present writer during his whole life, at once as a _litterateur_ and a practical bookman, encouraged the idea on his part that it might well be feasible for him to carry the plan into execution, and produce a view of a permanently interesting and important subject in all its branches and aspects, appealing not only to actual book-collectors, but to those who may naturally desire to learn to what the science and pursuit amount.
One of the best apologies for book-collecting, and even for the acc.u.mulation of fine books, is that offered by McCulloch in the preface to his own catalogue. The writer takes occasion to observe, among other points and arguments: ”It is no doubt very easy to ridicule the taste for fine books and their acc.u.mulation in extensive libraries. But it is not more easy than to ridicule the taste for whatever is most desirable, as superior clothes, houses, furniture, and accommodation of every sort. A taste for improved or fine books is one of the least equivocal marks of the progress of civilisation, and it is as much to be preferred to a taste for those that are coa.r.s.e and ill got up, as a taste for the pictures of Reynolds or Turner is to be preferred to a taste for the daubs that satisfy the vulgar. A man acts foolishly, if he spend more money on books or anything else than he can afford; but the folly will be increased, not diminished, by his spending it on mean and common rather than on fine and uncommon works.
The latter when sold invariably bring a good price, more perhaps than was paid for them, whereas the former either bring nothing or next to nothing.”
McCulloch's maternal grandfather was possibly the book-lover from whom the eminent political economist inherited his taste.
In common with the Ma.n.u.script Doc.u.ment and the Autograph Letter, the Written Book forms such a vast department of inquiry and study, that it would be undesirable, and indeed almost impracticable, in a volume of limited extent on book-collecting, to include the consideration of any collateral subject.
The broad facts regarding our national collections of MSS. are sufficiently well known, no less than the princ.i.p.al repositories in which they are to be found and consulted, and the individuals who have signalised themselves from time to time as owners of this cla.s.s of property on various scales or on various principles. Nearly everybody with any claim to culture is familiar with the names of Cotton, Arundel, Harley, Lansdowne, Birch, Burney, Egerton, Hardwicke, and Stowe, in connection with precious a.s.semblages of monuments in the National Library; Parker, Tanner, Fairfax, Ashmole and others at Oxford or Cambridge; Carew at Lambeth, and a succession of private enthusiasts in this direction, either independently or in conjunction with the printed side--Dering of Surrenden, Le Neve, Martin of Palgrave, Duke of Buckingham, Sir Thomas Phillipps, Libri, Lord Ashburnham, Heber, and Bright.
In the case of MSS. it is equally true with printed literature that the interest and value depend on circ.u.mstances, and are liable to changes and vicissitudes. They may be cla.s.sified into countries, periods, and subjects, and their appreciation depends on their character even more than on their mere rarity. An unique MS. may possibly be quite worthless. A comparatively common one may command a good price. How numerous soever the ancient copies of Chaucer's _Canterbury Tales_ might be, another coming into the open market would still be an object of keen compet.i.tion; and where importance is coupled with scarcity or uniqueness, of course the latter feature lends a high additional weight to the matter, and multiplies inquirers.