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(New York, 1903-1904), and C. E. Akers, ”History of South America”

(London, 1912), though in a manner that often confuses rather than enlightens.

Among the histories and descriptions of individual countries, arranged in alphabetical order, the following are probably the most useful to the general reader: W. A. Hirst, ”Argentina” (New York, 1910); Paul Walle, ”Bolivia” (New York, 1914); Pierre Denis, ”Brazil” (New York, 1911); G. F. S. Elliot, ”Chile” (New York, 1907); P. J. Eder, ”Colombia” (New York, 1913); J. B. Calvo, ”The Republic of Costa Rica” (Chicago, 1890); A. G. Robinson, ”Cuba, Old and New” (New York, 1915); Otto Schoenrich, ”Santo Domingo” (New York, 1918); C. R. Enock, ”Ecuador” (New York, 1914); C. R. Enock, ”Mexico” (New York, 1909); W. H. Koebel, ”Paraguay”

(New York, 1917); C. R. Enock, ”Peru” (New York, 1910); W. H. Koebel, ”Uruguay” (New York, 1911), and L. V. Dalton, ”Venezuela” (New York, 1912). Of these, the books by Robinson and Eder, on Cuba and Colombia, respectively, are the most readable and reliable.

For additional bibliographical references see ”South America” and the articles on individual countries in ”The Encyclopaedia Britannica”, 11th edition, and in Marrion Wilc.o.x and G. E. Rines, ”Encyclopedia of Latin America” (New York, 1917).

Of contemporary or later works descriptive of the life and times of eminent characters in the history of the Hispanic American republics since 1830, a few may be taken as representative. Rosas: J. A. King, ”Twenty-four Years in the Argentine Republic” (London, 1846), and Woodbine Parish, ”Buenos Ayres and the Provinces of the Rio de la Plata”

(London, 1850). Francia: J. R. Rengger, ”Reign of Dr. Joseph Gaspard Roderick [!] de Francia in Paraguay” (London, 1827); J. P. and W. P.

Robertson, ”Letters on South America”, 3 vols. (London, 1843), and E.

L. White, ”El Supremo”, a novel (New York, 1916). Santa Anna: Waddy Thompson, ”Recollections of Mexico” (New York, 1846), and F. E. Ingles, Calderon de la Barca, ”Life in Mexico” (London, 1859.). Juarez: U.

R. Burke, ”Life of Benito Juarez” (London, 1894). Solano Lopez: T. J.

Hutchinson, ”Parana; with Incidents of the Paraguayan War and South American Recollections” (London, 1868); George Thompson, ”The War in Paraguay” (London, 1869); R. F. Burton, ”Letters from the Battle-fields of Paraguay” (London, 1870), and C. A. Washburn, ”The History of Paraguay”, 2 vols. (Boston, 1871). Pedro II: J. C. Fletcher and D. P.

Kidder, ”Brazil and the Brazilians” (Boston, 1879), and Frank Bennett, ”Forty Years in Brazil”(London, 1914). Garcia Moreno: Frederick Ha.s.saurek, ”Four Years among Spanish Americans”(New York, 1867). Guzman Blanco: C. D. Dance, ”Recollections of Four Years in Venezuela” (London, 1876). Diaz: James Creelman, ”Diaz, Master of Mexico” (New York, 1911).

Balmaceda: M. H. Hervey, ”Dark Days in Chile” (London, 1891-1890.

Carranza: L. Gutierrez de Lara and Edgc.u.mb Pinchon, ”The Mexican People: their Struggle for Freedom” (New York, 1914).

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