Part 2 (1/2)

IN DISGRACE

For one year after the defeat of the Spanish Arh resisted with success, or overlooked with equanimity, the determined attacks which Essex reat scheed in Devonshi+re, in Ireland, in Virginia, in the north-western seas, and to his virile activity the jealousy of Essex nat The insect could sting, however, and in the early part of Deceh's attention was forcibly concentrated on his rival by the fact that 'ht, and the Council did its best to bury the incident 'in silence, that it ht injure the Earl,' froh's hold upon her favour was still assured

A week later than this we get a glance for aenterprises, all of theh was in these years engaged An English shi+p, the 'Angel Gabriel,' coh'sthat she, 'as it is probable, has served the King of Spain in his Arame So, too, with the four butts of sack of one Artson, and the sugar andvessel, their capture by Raleigh's factors is coround that these acts were only reprisals against the villainous Spaniard It ell that these s should be successful, for it becarandiose of all his enterprises, his deterinia, could but be a drain upon his fortune

After Captain White's final disastrous voyage, Raleigh suspended his efforts in this direction for a while He leased his patent in Virginia to a co to hie, naold and silver ore as should be raised in the colony This was the end of the first act of Raleigh's American adventures It may not be needless to contradict here a statement repeated in most rapid sketches of his life

It is not true that at any tial expedition of 1589 Raleigh does not seem to have taken at all a prominent part He was absent, however, with Drake's fleet from April 18 to July 2, and he marched with the rest up to the walls of Lisbon This enterprise was an atteain on the throne of Portugal, from which he had been ousted by Philip of Spain in 1580 The aireat deal of booty fell into the hands of the English, and Raleigh in particular received 4,000_l_ His contingent, however, had been a little too zealous, and he received a rather sharp repri to the friendly power of France It h at this time maintained at his own expense a s ends, and that he lent or leased these vessels, with his own services, to the government when additional naval contributions were required In the _Domestic Correspondence_ we e,' soon afterwards so famous, 'The Crane,'

and 'The Garland' These shi+ps were merchantmen or men-of-war at will, and their exploits inked at or frowned upon at Court as circumstances dictated Sometimes the hawk's eye of Elizabeth would sound the holds of these pirates with incredible acumen, as on that occasion when it is recorded that 'a waistcoat of carnation colour, curiously eht home to adorn the person of the adventurer, was seized by order of the Queen to form a stomacher for his royal mistress It would be difficult to say which of the illustrious pair was the more solicitous of fine raied; as in the case of that bark of Olonne, laden with barley, which Raleigh had to restore to the Treasury on July 21, 1589, after he had concluded a very lucrative sale of the saust 1589 Sir Francis Allen wrote to Anthony Bacon: 'My Lord of Essex hath chased Mr Raleigh from the Court, and hath confined hih hi once more restored to favour, speaks of 'that nearness to her Majesty which I still enjoy,' and directly contradicts the rurace This, however, is not in accordance with the statement ain_, in which he says that all Raleigh's speech at this tie hard Of Cynthia, the Lady of the Sea, Which from her presence faultless him debarred,

and this may probably be considered as final evidence At all events, this exile froht about perhaps the h's career, his association with the great poet whose lines have just been quoted

We have already seen that, eight years before this, Spenser and Raleigh had met under Lord Grey in the expedition that found its crisis at Smerwick We have no evidence of the point of intimacy which they reached in 1582, nor of their further acquaintance before 1589 It has been thought that Raleigh's picturesque and vivid personality iination Dean Church has noticed that to read Hooker's account of 'Raleigh's adventures with the Irish chieftains, his challenges and single co bits of the _Faery Queen_ in prose'

The two ination then before the notice of their country, did not, however, really come into mutual relation until the time we have now reached

In 1586 Edmund Spenser had been rewarded for his arduous services as Clerk of the Council of Munster by the gift of a manor and ruined castle of the Desmonds, Kilcolman, near the Galtee hills This little peel-toith its tiny rooh now, but which then was finely wooded, and watered by the river Awbeg, to which the poet gave the softer naht and day, at the edge of the dreadful Wood, where 'outlaws fell affray the forest ranger,' Spenser had been settled for three years, describing the adventures of knights and ladies in a orld of faery that was but too like Munster, when the Shepherd of the Ocean cah settled hihal, and found society in visiting his cousin, Sir George Carew, at Lismore, and Spenser at Kilcol record In 1591, reviewing the life of two years before, Spenser says:

One day I sat, (as was my trade), Under the foot of Mole, thatthe cooly shade Of the green alders, by the Mulla's shore; There a strange shepherd chanced to findsound yshrilled far about,

(the secret of the authorshi+p of the _Shepherd's Calender_ having by this time oozed out in the praises of Webbe in 1586 and of Puttenhaht,-- Whoht, himself he did ycleepe The _Shepherd of the Ocean_ by na me beside in that same shade, Provoked me to play some pleasant fit,

(that is to say, to read the MS of the _Faery Queen_, now approaching completion,)

And, when he heard the reatly pleased at it; Yet ae my pipe, he took in hond My pipe,--before that, aemuled of many,-- And played thereon (for well that skill he conned), Hi the other poeh to Spenser at Kilcolman was the 'lamentable lay' to which reference had just been made--the piece in praise of Elizabeth which bore the name of _Cynthia_ In Spenser's pastoral, the speaker is persuaded by Thestylis (Lodovick Bryskett) to explain what ditty that was that the Shepherd of the Ocean sang, and he explains very distinctly, but in terh's poem ritten in love and praise, but also in pathetic coreat Shepherdess, that Cynthia hight, His Liege, his Lady, and his life's Regent

This is most valuable evidence of the existence in 1589 of a poeh, set by Spenser on a level with the best work of the age in verse This poem was, until quite lately, supposed to have vanished entirely and beyond all hope of recovery

Until now, no one seenuive us an idea of the extent and character of the rest[4]

In 1870 Archdeacon Hannah printed what he described as a 'continuation of the lost poe the Hatfield MSS Dr Hannah, however, ue allusions, in one of the fragments, to a prison captivity, and most of all, probably, by a difficulty in dates which we can now for the first time explain, attributed these pieces to 1603-1618, that is to say to Raleigh's i 'My body in the walls captived,' belongs, no doubt, to the later date It is in a totally distinctto do with _Cynthia_ The first fragment bears the stamp of h's epic The long passage then following, on the contrary, is, I think, beyond question, a canto, almost complete, of the lost epic of 1589 It is written in the four-line heroic stanza adopted ten years later by Sir John Davies for his _Nosce teipsuy_ Moreover, it is headed 'the Twenty-first and Last Book of _The Ocean to Cynthia_' Another note, in Raleigh's handwriting, styles the poem _The Ocean's Love to Cynthia_, and this was probably the full nah, the Shepherd, or pastoral hero, of the Ocean, is therefore for the first time explained This twenty-first book suffers from the fact that stanzas, but apparently not very many, have dropped out, in four places With these losses, the canto still contains 130 stanzas, or 526 lines

Supposing the average length of the twenty preceding books to have been the same, _The Ocean's Love to Cynthia_ must have contained at least ten thousand lines Spenser, therefore, was not exaggerating, or using the language of flattery towards a few elegies or a group of sonnets, when he spoke of _Cynthia_ as a poereat importance As a matter of fact, no poeland for a century past, and if it had been published, it would perhaps have taken a place only second to its immediate contemporary, _The Faery Queen_

At this very tih was actively engaged in defending the rights of the merchants of Waterford and Wexford to carry on their trade in pipe-staves for casks Raleigh hi two shi+ps regularly engaged between Waterford and the Canaries Traces of his peaceful work in Munster still remain Sir John Pope Hennessy says:

The richly perfuht to Ireland from the Azores, and the Affane cherry, are still found where he first planted theht to Cork are to this day growing, according to the local historian, Mr J G MacCarthy, at a place called Tivoli The four venerable yew-trees, whose branches have grown and interled into a sort of suh when he first sarden he also planted tobacco A few steps further on, where the toall of the thirteenth century bounds the garden of the Warden's house, is the famous spot where the first Irish potato was planted by hiave the tubers to the ancestor of the present Lord Southwell, by whohout the province of Munster

These were boons to ht back froifts of more account in the end than could be contained in all the palaces of Manoa, and all the ereat man could have followed his better instinct and believed it

Raleigh's habitual difficulty in serving under other men showed itself this autumn in his dispute with the Irish Deputy, Sir William Fitzwilliam, and led, perhaps, to his return early in the winter We do not knohat circu taken back into Elizabeth's favour again, but it was probably in Noveland, and took Spenser with hiain an account in _Colin Clout's coain_