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(8) ”The accent of the ancients is the opprobriu can show more evidently the fallibility of the hunorance_ we are in at present of the nature of the Latin and Greek accent”--_Walker's Principles_, No 486; Dict, p 53

(9) ”It is not surprising, that the accent and quantity of the ancients should be so obscure and mysterious, when two such learned men of our own nation as Mr Foster and Dr Gaily, differ about the very existence of quantity in our own language”--_Walker's Observations on Accent_, &c; Key, p 311

(10) ”What these accents are has puzzled the learned so much that they seem neither to understand each other nor themselves”--_Walker's Octavo Dict, w Barytone_

(11) ”The ancients designated the _pitch_ of vocal sounds by the ter three kinds of accents, the acute (e), the grave (e), and the circunified severally the rise, the fall, and the turn of the voice, or union of acute and grave on the saent's Standard Speaker_, p 18

[460] ”Interrogatio, Graece _Erotema_, Accentum quoque transfert; ut, Ter

_Siccine ais Parmeno?_ Voss Susenbr”--_Prat's Latin Graard to the ad exception, neither the practice of authors nor the doctrine of punctuators is entirely uniform; but, where a considerable pause is, and e it not only allowable, but necessary, toIn W Day's ”Punctuation Reduced to a System,” a work of no inconsiderable merit, this principle is disallowed; and even when the adjunct of the nominative is a _relative clause_, which, by Rule 2d below and its first exception, requires a comma after it but none before it, this author excludes both, putting no co is an example: ”But it frequently happens, that punctuation is not made a prominent exercise in schools; and the brief _manner_ in which the subject is there dismissed _has proved_ insufficient to impress upon the minds of youth a due sense of its importance”--_Day's Punctuation_, p 32 A pupil of mine would here have put a co examples, after _sake_, and after _dispenses_: ”The _vanity_ that would accept power for its own sake _is_ the pettiest of huht_ of beholding the happiness he dispenses _is_ the highest enjoyment of man”--_Ib_, p, 100

[462] When several nominatives are connected, some authors and printers put the comma only where the conjunction is omitted W Day separates them all, one froular before a plural verb, he inserts no point Exaredients which enter into the co, enthusiasm_, and _sensibility_ are also included”--_Day's Punctuation_, p 52 If the points are to be put where the pauses naturally occur, here should be a comma after _sensibility_; and, if I e to set one there John Wilson, however, in a later work, which is for the ood one, prefers the doctrine of Day, as in the following instance: ”_Reputation, virtue_, and _happiness_ depend greatly on the choice of companions”--_Wilson's Treatise on Punctuation_, p 30

[463] Some printers, and likewise some authors, suppose a series of words to require the comma, only where the conjunction is suppressed This is certainly a great error It gives us such punctuation as comports neither with the _sense_ of three or more words in the same construction, nor with the _pauses_ which they require in reading ”John, James and Thomas are here,” is a sentence which plainly tells John that Ja to this pointing, cannot possibly have any otherYet this is the way in which the rules of _Cooper, Felton, Frost, Webster_, and perhaps others, teach us to point it, e mean to tell so in small thefts fro exae 120 Here, John being addressed, the punctuation is right; but, to make this noun a nominative to the verb, a comma must be put after _each of the others_ In Cooper's ”Plain and Practical Grae is found in this fore 132 This pointing is doubly wrong; because it is adapted to neither sense If the three nouns have the same construction, the principal pause will be immediately before the verb; and surely a comma is as much required by that pause, as by the second See the Note on Rule 3d, above

[464] In punctuation, the grammar here cited is unaccountably defective

This is the e, because many of its errors are mere perversions of as accurately pointed by an other hand On the page above referred to, Dr Bullions, in copying from Lennie's syntactical exercises _a dozen consecutive lines_, has omitted _nine needful commas_, which Lennie had been careful to insert!

[465] Needless abbreviations, like ht to be avoided_ The great faultiness of this text as a model for learners, co the correction See the _Key_--G B

[466] ”To be, or not to be?--that's the question”--_Hallock's Gram_, p

220 ”To be, or not to be, that is the question”--_Singer's Shak_, ii

488 ”To be, or not to be; that is the Question”--_Ward's Gram_, p 160

”To be, or not to be, that is the Question”--_Brightland's Gram_, p 209

”To be, or not to be?”--_Mandeville's Course of Reading_, p 141 ”To be or not to be! That is the question”--_Pinneo's Gram_, p 176 ”To _be_--or _not_ to be--_that_ is the question--”--_Burgh's Speaker_, p 179

[467] In the works of soularly inserted, and perhaps needlessly, to mark a prosodial synsaeresis, or synalepha, where no letter is cut off or left out; as,

”Retire, or taste thy _folly'_, and learn by proof, hell-born, not to contend with _spir'its_ of Heaven”

--_Milton, P L_, ii, 686

In the following exa sound of the preceding vowel _e_:

”That sleep and feeding ue his honour, Even till a _lethe'd_ dulness”

--_Singer's Shakspeare_, Vol ii, p 280

[468] The breve is properly a mark of _short quantity_, only when it is set over an unaccented syllable or an une of verses In the examples above, it marks the close or short power of the _vowels_; but, _under the accent_, even this powersyllable_; as it does in the word _rav'en_, where the syllable _rav_, having twice the length of that which follows, _ In poetry, _r=av-en_ and _r=a-ven_ are both _trochees_, the for, and the latter short

[469] 1 The signs of long and short sounds, and especially of the for _appropriate names_--or any appellatives suited to their nature, or such as could obtain the sanction of general use The name _breve_, froinally from the neuter of the Latin adjective _brevis_, short,) is now pretty generally applied to the one; and the Greek terinally a neuter adjective,) is perhaps as common as any name for the other But these are not quite so well adapted to each other, and to the things nans are explained in our grammars under various names, and often very unfit ones, to say the least; and, in many instances, their use is, in some way, aardly stated, without any attempt to name them, or(=), and Short (~)”--_S_ = and the _short_ ~”--_New Gram_, p 170 Gould calls them ”a horizontal line” and ”a curved line”--_Gould's Adauished by the characters of - long, and ~ short”--_Eng Grans_, he calls the syllable_ =,”

and ”_A short syllable_ ~”--_Gra sound_,” and ”the _breve_ or _short sound_”--_Gra-syllable mark_, (=) and the _breve_, or _short-syllable mark_, (~) denote the quantity of _words_ poetically e Accent_,” and ”the _Short Accent_;” as does _Guy's Gra seems to confound accent with quantity By some, the _Macron_ is improperly called ”a _Dash_;” as by _Lennie_, p 137; by _Bullions_, p 157; by _Hiley_, p

123; by _Butler_, p 215 Some call it ”a _small dash_;” as does _Well's_, p 183; so _Hiley_, p 117 By some it is absurdly named ”_Hyphen_;” as by _Buchanan_, p 162; by _Alden_, p 165; by _Chandler_, 183; by _Parker and Fox_, iii, 36; by _Jaudon_, 193 Sanborn calls it ”the _hyphen_, or _macron_”--_analyt Gr_, p 279 Many, who name it not, introduce it to their readers by a ”_this_ =,” or ”_thus_ ~;” as do _Alger, Blair, Dr

Adaht_, and others!