Part 293 (2/2)

[276] ”And they shall pass through it, hardly _bestead_, and hungry”--_Isaiah_, viii, 21

[277] ”_Brake_ [for the preterit of _Break_] seems now obsolescent”--_Dr

Crora whom are Bullions and M'Culloch Wells retains it, but marks it as, ”_Obsolete_;” as he does also the preterits _bare, clave, drove, gat, slang, spake, span, spat, sware, tare, writ_; and the participles _hoven, loaden, rid_ from _ride, spitten, stricken, and writ_

In this he is not altogether consistent Forular verbs; and even such as are archaic and obsolescent, it is sometimes better to omit If ”_loaden_,” for example, is now out of use, why should ”_load, unload_, and _overload_,” be placed, as they are by this author, aht_ and _distract_, in spite of _fraught_ and _distraught_, are reckoned regular?

”_Rid_,” for _rode_ or _ridden_, though adarism

[278] _Cleave_, to split, is ular, as above; _cleave_, to stick, or adhere, is usually considered regular, but _clave_ was formerly used in the preterit, and _clove_ still ”--_Saue of the public prosecutor _clove_ to the roof of histhe preterit and the perfect participle of this verb, _drink_, our grareatly at variance Dr Johnson says, ”preter _drank_ or _drunk_; part pass, _drunk_ or _drunken_” Dr

Webster: ”pret and pp _drank_ Old pret and pp _drunk_; pp _drunken_”

Lowth: ”pret _drank_; part, _drunk_ or _drunken_” So Stamford Webber, and others Murray has it: ”Imperf _drank_, Perf Part, _drunk_” So Comly, Lennie, Bullions, Blair, Butler Frost, Felton, Goldsbury, and many others Churchill cites the text, ”Serve me till I have eaten and _drunken_;” and observes, ”_Drunken_ is now used only as an adjective The i the preterimperfect [_drank_] for the participle of this verb is very coives both for _drank_ to _drunk_ Kirkham prefers _drunk_ to _drank_; but contradicts hi _drunk_ an adjective: ”The men were _drunk_; i e inebriated The toasts were _drank_”--_Graives, ”_drink, drank, drunk_;” but in his story of Jack Halyard, on page 59, he wrote, ”had _drinked_:” and this, according to Fowle's True English Grammar, is not incorrect The preponderance of authority is yet in favour of saying, ”had _drunk_;” but _drank_ seereater delicacy, and perhaps it is sufficiently authorized A hundred late writers may be quoted for it, and some that were popular in the days of Johnson ”In the choice of what is fit to be eaten and _drank_”--_Beattie's Moral Science_, Vol

1, p 51 ”Which I had no sooner _drank_”--_Addison, Tattler_, No 131

”Thy brother's blood the thirsty earth hath drank, Broach'd with the steely point of Clifford's lance”--_Shakspeare_

[280] ”_Holden_ is not in general use; and is chiefly ey and Synt_, p 190 Wells marks this word as, ”Obsolescent”--_School Graave it alone, as a participle, and _held_ only as a preterit

[281] ”I have been found guilty of killing cats I never _hurted_”--_Roderick Random_, Vol i, p 8

[282] ”They _keeped_ aloof as they passed her bye”--_J Hogg, Pilgrims of the Sun_, p 19

[283] _Lie_, to be at rest, is irregular, as above; but _lie_, to utter falsehood, is regular, as follows: _lie, lied, lying, lied_

”Thus said, at least, h deep, perchance, the villain _lied_”

--_Scott's Lady of the Lake_

[284] Perhaps there is authority sufficient to place the verb _rend_ a those which are redundant

”Where'er its cloudy veil was _rended_”

--_Whittier's Moll Pitcher_

”Mortal, e is for thee; thy chain to earth is _rended_; I bear thee to eternity; prepare! thy course is ended”

--_The Amulet_

”Come as the winds come, when forests are _rended_”

--_Sir W Scott_

”The hunger pangs her sons which rended”

--NEW QUARTERLY REVIEW: _Examiner_, No 119

[285] We find now and then an instance in which _gainsay_ is ainsayed_”--_Chapman's Sermons to Presbyterians_, p 36 Perhaps it would be as well to follow Webster here, in writing _rivaled_ with one _l_: and the analogy of the siainsaid_ Usage warrants the latter, however, better than the for, _shoed_ or shod”--_Old Gralish Gra_ as the _Preterite_, and L Murray has rejected _sang_ Each _Preterite_, however, rests on good authority The sa _sank_ and _sunk_ Respecting the _preterites_ which have _a_ or _u_, as _slang_, or _slung, sank_, or _sunk_, it would be better were the former only to be used, as the _Preterite_ and Participle would thus be discriy and Syntax_, p 199 The _preterits_ which this critic thus prefers, are _rang, sang, stung, sprang, swang, sank, shrank, slank, stank, swam_, and _span_ for _spun_ In respect to the to his own showing, _fling, string_, and _sting_, always make the preterit and the participle alike; and this is the obvious tendency of the language, in all these words I reject _slang_ and _span_, as derivatives fro_ and _spin_; because, in such a sense, they are obsolete, and the words have other uses Lindley Murray, _in his early editions_, rejected _sang, sank, slang, swang, shrank, slank, stank_, and _span_; and, at the sa, sprung_, and _swuave the preference to the _u_, in all these words; but restored _sang_ and _sank_, which Cro the other six, which did not happen to be mentioned to him