Part 261 (1/2)

1 A is a preposition of very frequent use in French, and generally ested above that it is probably the salish compounds or derivatives that are of French, and not of Saxon origin: as, _a-dieu_, to God; ie, I commend you to God; _a-larm_, from _alarme_, i e, _a l'arme_, to arms

2 DE means Of or From: as in _de-mure_, of manners; _de-liver_, to ease from or of

3 DEMI means Half: as, _demi-man_, half a man; _demi-God_, half a God; _demi-devil_, half a devil; _demi-deify_, to half deify; _demi-sized_, half sized; _demi-quaver_, half a quaver 4 EN,--which sometimes becomes em,--means In, Into, or Upon: as, _en-chain_, to hold in chains; _em-brace_, to clasp in the arms; _en-tomb_, to put into a to between the French and the Latin orthography of this prefix: as, _embody_, or _imbody; ensurance_, or _insurance; ensnare_, or _insnare; enquire_, or _inquire_

5 SUR, as a French prefix, means Upon, Over, or After: as, _sur-name_, a name upon a name; _sur-vey_, to look over; _sur-mount_, to mount over or upon; _sur-render_, to deliver over to others; _sur-feit_, to overdo in eating; _sur-vive_, to live after, to over-live, to outlive

END OF THE SECOND APPENDIX

APPENDIX III TO PART THIRD, OR SYNTAX

OF THE QUALITIES OF STYLE

Style, as a topic connected with syntax, is the particular manner in which a person expresses his conceptions by e It is different froraether by rules of construction It always has so; involves, to some extent, and shows his literary, if not his eneral, that sort of expression which his thoughts most readily assume; and, sometimes, partakes not only of what is characteristic of the man, of his profession, sect, clan, or province, but even of national peculiarity, or soe The words which an author employs, may be proper in themselves, and so constructed as to violate no rule of syntax, and yet his style reat faults

In reviews and critical essays, the general characters of style are usually designated by such epithets as these;--concise, diffuse,--neat, negligent,--terse, bungling,--nervous, weak,--forcible, feeble,--veheuid,--simple, affected,--easy, stiff,--pure, barbarous,--perspicuous, obscure,--elegant, uncouth,--florid, plain,--flowery, artless,--fluent, dry,--piquant, dull,--stately, flippant,--majestic, mean,--pompous, modest,--ancient, modern A considerable diversity of style, may be found in compositions all equally excellent in their kind And, indeed, different subjects, as well as the different endowuished, require this diversity But, in forent, feeble, affected, stiff, uncouth, barbarous, or obscure style is always faulty; and that perspicuity, ease, sith, neatness, and purity, are qualities always to be aiood style, the frequent practice of co, is indispensably necessary Without exercise and diligent attention, rules or precepts for the attainment of this object, will be of no avail When the learner has acquired such a knowledge of gra, he should devote a stated portion of his ti the powers of his mind into requisition, in a way that is well calculated to strengthen theent perusal of the best authors, acquire both language and taste as well as sentiood writer

In regard to the qualities which constitute a good style, we can here offer nothing more than a few brief hints With respect to words and phrases, particular attention should be paid to three things--_purity, propriety_, and _precision_; and, with respect to sentences, to three others,--_perspicuity, unity_, and _strength_ Under each of these six heads, we shall arrange, in the form of short precepts, a few of the ood style

SECTION I--OF PURITY

Purity of style consists in the use of such words and phrases only, as belong to the language which rite or speak Its opposites are the faults ai precepts

PRECEPT I--Avoid the unnecessary use of foreign words or idioms: such as the French words _fraicheur, hauteur, delicatesse, politesse, noblesse_;--the expression, ”He _repented himself_;”--or, ”It _serves_ to an excellent purpose”

PRECEPT II--Avoid obsolete or antiquated words, except there be some special reason for their use: that is, such words as _acception, addressful, administrate, affaical, cruciate, rutilate, tie or unauthorized words: such as, _flutteration, inspectator, judgematical, incumberment, connexity, electerized, martyrized, reunition, marvelize, limpitude, affectated, adorement, absquatulate_ Of this sort is O B Peirce's ”_assilish Grammar_; and still worse is Jocelyn's ”_irradicable_,” for _uneradicable_, used on page 5th of his _Prize Essay on Education_

PRECEPT IV--Avoid bo It is ridiculous, however serious the subject The following is an example: ”Personifications, however rich the depictions, and unconstrained their latitude; analogies, however i the objects of parallel, and the media of comparison; can never expose the consequences of sin to the extent of fact, or the range of demonstration”--_Anonymous_

SECTION II--OF PROPRIETY

Propriety of language consists in the selection and right construction of such words as the best usage has appropriated to those ideas which we intend to express by them Impropriety embraces all those forms of error, which, for the purpose of illustration, exercise, and special criticism, have been so methodically and so copiously posted up under the various heads, rules, and notes, of this extensive Graestions, however, are here to be set down in the form of precepts

PRECEPT I--Avoid low and provincial expressions: such as, ”Now, _says I_, boys;”--”_Thinks I to et into a scrape_;”--”Stay here _while_ I cooes_”

PRECEPT II--In writing prose, avoid words and phrases that are merely poetical: such as, _morn, eve, plaint, corse, weal, drear, amid, oft, steepy;--”what time_ the winds arise”

PRECEPT III--Avoid technical ter of a particular art or science In technology, they are proper

PRECEPT IV--Avoid the recurrence of a word in different senses, or such a repetition of words as denotes paucity of language: as, ”His own _reason_ ory _favoured_ the undertaking, for no other reason than this; that the er, in countenance, _favoured_ his friend”--”I _want_ to go and see what he _wants_”

PRECEPT V--Supply words that are wanting: thus, instead of saying, ”This action increased his former services,” say, ”This action increased _the merit of_ his former services”--”How many [_kinds of_] substantives are there? Two; proper and coes should not be left to be settled by chance or by caprice, but [_should be determined_] by the judicious application of the principles of Orthography”--See _Fowlers E Grauous expressions: as, ”His _ since learned to like nothing but what you _do_”