Part 253 (2/2)

2 The close, curt, short, or stopped _o_; as in _not, nor, torrid, dollar, fondle_

3 The slender or narrow _o_, like _oo_; as in _prove, move, who, to, do, tomb_

_O_, in many words, sounds like _close_ or _curt u_; as in _love, shove, son, coon, comfit, comfort, coloration One_ is pronounced _wun_; and _once, wunce_ In the termination _on_ immediately after the accent, _o_ is often sunk into a sound scarcely perceptible, like that of _obscure e_; as in _mason, person, lesson_

DIPHTHONGS BEGINNING WITH O

_Oa_, an i o_; as in _boat, coal, roach, coast, coastwise_: except in _broad_ and _groat_, which have the sound of _broad a_

_Oe_, an i, when _final_, has the sound of _open_ or _long o_: as in _doe, foe, throe_: except in _canoe, shoe_, pronounced _canoo, shoo_ _OE_, a Latin diphthong, generally sounds like _open e_; as in _Antoeci, foetus_: sometimes, like _close_ or _curt e_; as in _foetid, foeticide_ But the English word _f~etid_ is often, and perhaps generally, written without the _o_

_Oi_ is generally a proper diphthong, uniting the sound of _close o_ or _broad a_, and that of _open e_; as in _boil, coil, soil, rejoice_ But the vowels, when they appear together, so to separate syllables; as in _Stoic, Stoicism Oi_ unaccented, sometimes has the sound of _close_ or _curt i_; as in _avoirdupois, connoisseur, tortoise_

_Oo_, an ienerally has the slender sound of _o_; as in _coo, too, woo, fool, room_ It has, in some words, a shorter or closer sound, (like that of _u_ in _bull_,) as in _foot, good, wood, stood, wool_;--that of _close u_ in _blood_ and _flood_;--and that of _open o_ in _door_ and _floor_ Derivatives froenerally a proper diphthong, uniting the sound of _close_ or _curt o_, and that of _u_ as heard in _bull_,--or _u_ sounded as _oo_; as in _bound, found, sound, ounce, thou Ou_ is also, in certain instances, an i; and, as such, it has _six_ different sounds:--(l) That of _close_ or _curt u_; as in _rough, tough, young, flourish_ (2) That of _broad a_; as in _ought, bought, thought_ (3) That of _open_ or _long o_; as in _court, dough, four, though_ (4) That of _close_ or _curt o_; as in _cough, trough, lough, shough_: which are, I believe, the only examples

(5) That of _slender o_, or _oo_; as in _soup, you, through_ (6) That of _u_ in _bull_, or of _oo_ shortened; only in _would, could, should_

_Ow_ generally sounds like the proper diphthong _ou_,--or like a union of _short o_ with _oo_; as in _brown, dowry, now, shower_: but it is often an i o_; as in _know, show, stow_

_Oy_ is a proper diphthong, equivalent in sound to _oi_; as in _joy, toy, oyster_

TRIPHTHONGS BEGINNING WITH O

_OEu_ is a French triphthong, pronounced in English as _oo_, and occurring in the word _manoeuvre_, with its several derivatives _Owe_ is an ilish word, in which the _o_ only is heard, and heard alith its long or open sound

XVI OF THE LETTER P

The consonant _P_, when not written before _h_, has commonly one peculiar sound; which is heard in _pen, pine, sup, supper_ The word _cupboard_ is usually pronounced _kubburd_ _P_, written with an audible consonant, is soraphy, psychology, ptarenerally sounds like _f_; as in _philosophy_ In _Stephen_ and _nephew, ph_ has the sound of _v_ The _h_ after _p_, is silent in _diphthong, triphthong, naphtha, ophthalm, phthisis, phthisical_ From the last three words, _ph_ is sometimes dropped

XVII OF THE LETTER Q

The consonant _Q_, being never silent, never final, never doubled, and not having a sound peculiar to itself, is invariably heard, in English, with the power of _k_; and is always followed by the vowel _u_, which, in words _purely English_, is sounded like the narrow _o_, or _oo_,--or, perhaps, is squeezed into the consonantal sound of _w_;--as in _queen, quaver, quiver, quarter, request_ In soin, the _u_ after _q_ is silent; as in _coquet, liquor, burlesque, etiquette_

XVIII OF THE LETTER R

The consonant _R_, called also a se of a word, or before a vowel, a rough or pretty strong sound; as in _roll, rose, roaue_ ”In other positions,” it is said by many to be ”smooth” or ”soft;” ”as in _hard, ford, word_”--_W

Allen_

OBSERVATIONS

OBS 1--The letter _R_ turns the tip of the tongue up against or towards the roof of the hened, trilled, or quavered Consequently, this element may, at the will of the speaker, have , or even very hness, jar, or whur, which is commonly said to constitute the sound The extremes should here be avoided Some readers very improperly omit the sound of _r_ fro _or_ as _awe, nor_ as _knaw, for_ as _faugh_, and _war_ as the first syllable of _water_ On the other hand, ”The excessive _trilling_ of the _r_, as practised by soe_