Part 241 (1/2)

Or:--”but _both_ vary their import, and are used to express simple _events_”--_Lowth, Murray, et al cor_; also _Coersoll_; likewise _Abel Flint_ ”A double _condition_, in two correspondent clauses of a sentence, is sometimes made _by the word_ HAD; as, '_Had_ he done this, he _had_ escaped'”--_Murray and Ingersoll cor_ ”The pleasures of the understanding are preferable to those of the iination, _as well as to those_ of sense”--_L Murray cor_ ”Claudian, in a fragiants, has contrived to render this idea of their throwing _of_ the randeur_, burlesque and ridiculous”--_Dr Blair cor_ ”To which not only no other writings are to be preferred, but _to which_, even in divers respects, _none are_ couish the, and treat of their several natures, in the saard to other ideas”--_Sheridan cor_ ”For it has nothing to do with parsing, or _the_ analyzing _of_ language”--_Kirkha, or analyzing, _of_ language”--_Id_ ”Neither _has_ that language [the Latin] _ever been_ so _common_ in Britain”--_Swift cor_ ”All that I _purpose_, is, _to give_ sos into the pleasures of taste”--_Dr Blair cor_ ”But the following sentences would have been better _without it_”--_L Murray cor_ ”But I think the following sentence _would_ be better _without it_” Or: ”But I think it _should be expunged fro sentence”-- _Priestley cor_ ”They appear, in this case, like _ugly_ excrescences jutting out from the body”--_Dr Blair cor_ ”And therefore the fable of the Harpies, in the third book of the aeneid, and the allegory of Sin and Death, in the second book of Paradise Lost, _ought not to have been inserted_ in these celebrated poeant suppression, or _o to_ a sentence”--_Brit Gram and Buchanan cor_ ”The article A or AN _is not very proper_ in this construction”--_D Blair cor_ ”Now suppose the articles had not been _dropped froiven_ a separate _name_ to every one of those trees, would have been an endless and ieneral, _has_ the saenerally has_ the _sound of_ long _or_ slender _a_”--_L Murray cor_ ”When a conjunction is used _with apparent redundance, the insertion of it_ is called Polysyndeton”--_Adam and Gould cor_ ”EACH, EVERY, EITHER, _and_ NEITHER, denote the persons or things _that_ make up a number, as taken separately or distributively”--_M'Culloch cor_ ”The principal sentence must be expressed by _a verb_ in the indicative, imperative, or potential _ht to _be urgent_”--_Dr Blair cor_ ”All _sorts_ of subjects admit of _explanatory_ comparisons”--_Id et al cor_ ”The present or i, action, _or passion_, continued, _and_ not perfected”--_Kirkham cor_ ”What are verbs? Those words which _chiefly_ express what _is said of things_”--_Fowle cor_

”Of all those arts in which the wise excel, _The very_ -well_”--_Sheffield cor_

”Such was that muse whose rules and practice tell, _That art's_ chief -well_”--_Pope cor_

LESSON XIV--OF THREE ERRORS

”_Froinal sense altogether; so that, in respect _to the latter_, they _have_ become obsolete”--_Campbell cor_ ”_Surely_, never any _other_ rief, as I aes differ from _one an_ other in their _modes_ of _inflection_”--_Bullions cor_ ”_The noun_ and _the verb_ are the only indispensable parts of speech: the one, to express the subject spoken of; and the other, the predicate, or what is affirmed of _the subject_”--_M'Culloch cor_ ”The words _Italicized in_ the _last three_ examples, perform the office of substantives”--_L Murray cor_ ”A sentence _so constructed_ is always _a_ mark of _carelessness in the writer_”--_Dr Blair cor_ ”Nothing is race or _the_ vivacity of a period, than superfluous _and_ dragging words at the conclusion”--_Id_ ”When its substantive is not _expressed with_ it, but _is_ referred to, _being_ understood”--_Lowth cor_ ”Yet they _always_ have _substantives_ belonging to them, either _expressed_ or understood”--_Id_ ”Because they define and lieneral _terms_, to which they refer”--_Id_ ”Every new object surprises _the iument required _a_ more _full development_, in order to be distinctly apprehended, and to _have_ its due force”--_Id_ ”_Those_ participles which are derived froovern the objective case, as _do_ the verbs from which they are derived”--_Emmons cor_ ”Where, _in violation of_ the rule, the objective case _whom_ follows the verb, _while_ the nominative _I_ precedes _it_”--_L Murray cor_ ”_To use, after_ the same conjunction, both the indicative and the subjunctive _mood_, in the same sentence, and _under_ the sareat impropriety”--_Lowth, Murray, et al cor_ ”A nice discernment of _the ie, are necessary on these occasions”--_L Murray cor_ ”The Greeks and Romans, the former especially, were, in truth, enius was ht in the eneral, if_ the sense admits it _early_, the sooner _a circumstance is introduced_, the better; that the nificant words may possess the last place, _and be_ quite disencumbered”--_Murray et al cor_; also _Blair and Jamieson_ ”Thus we find it in _both_ the Greek and _the_ Latin _tongue_”--_Dr Blair cor_ ”_Several_ sentences, constructed in the sa_ the same number of members, should never be allowed to _come in succession_”-- _Blair et al cor_ ”I proceed to lay down the rules to be observed in the conduct of metaphors; and _these, with little variation, will be applicable to_ tropes of every kind”--_Dr Blair cor_ ”By _selecting_ words _with_ a proper _regard to their sounds_, we may _often imitate_ other sounds which we uise can _scarcely_ be so perfect _as to deceive_”--_Dr Blair cor_ ”The sense _does not admit_ of _any_ other pause, than _one_ after the second syllable 'sit;' _this_ therefore ”--_Id_ ”Not that I believe North America to _have been first_ peopled so _lately_ as _in_ the twelfth century, the period of Madoc's ration”--_Webster cor_ ”Money and commodities _will_ always flow to that country _in which_ they are most wanted, and _in which they will_ command the most profit”--_Id_ ”That it contains no visible marks of _certain_ articles which are _of_ the _utmost importance_ to a just delivery”--_Sheridan cor_ ”And _Virtue_, from _her_ beauty, we call a fair and favourite maid”--_Mack cor_ ”The definite article may _relate to_ nouns _of either_ number”--_Inf S Gram cor_

LESSON XV--OF MANY ERRORS

(1) ”Compound _words are_[, by L Murray and others, i the derivatives_”--_L Murray corrected_ (2) ”_The_ Apostrophe, _placed above the line_, thus ', is used to abbreviate or shorten _words

But_ its chief use is, to _denote_ the _possessive_ case of nouns”--_Id_ (3) ”_The_ Hyphen, _made_ thus -, _connects the parts of compound_ words

It is also used when a word is divided”--_Id_ (4) ”The Acute Accent, _made_ thus ', _denotes the syllable on which stress is laid, and sometimes also, that the vowel is short_: as, '_Fancy_' The Grave _Accent, lish words,) that the stress is laid where a vowel ends the syllable_: as, '_Favour_'”--_Id_ (5) ”The stress is laid on long _vowels or_ syllables, and on short _ones_, indiscri or open vowels_ from the _close or short ones_, sorave _accent_ on the former, and the acute on the latter”--_Id_ (6) ”_The_ Diaeresis, thus _uous_ vowels, _to show that they are not_ a diphthong”--_Id_ (7) ”_The_ Section, _made_ thus --, is _sometimes used to mark the subdivisions_ of a discourse or chapter”--_Id_ (8) ”_The_ Paragraph, _ of a new subject, or _of_ a _passage_ not connected with the _text preceding_ This character is _now seldom_ used [_for such a purpose_], _except_ in the Old and New Testaments” Or better:--”except in the _Bible_”--_Id_ (9) ”_The_ Quotation _Points, written thus_ ” ”, _ _and the end_ of _what_ is quoted or transcribed from _some_ speaker or author, in his oords In type, they are inverted co, _apostrophes_ at the conclusion”--_Id_ (10) ”_The_ Brace _was formerly_ used in poetry at the end of a triplet, or _where_ three lines _rhyether in heroic verse; it_ also _serves_ to connect _several terms_ with one, _when the one is common to all_, and _thus_ to prevent a repetition _of the_ coether_, generally denote the o to_ a word, or of some bold or indelicate expression; _but sometimes they imply a_ defect in the manuscript _from which the text is copied_”--_Id_ (12) ”_The_ Ellipsis, _made thus_ ----, _or thus_ , is used _where_ some letters _of_ a word, or some words _of_ a verse, are omitted”--_Id_ (13) ”_The_ Obelisk, which is _made_ thus [Obelisk]; and _the_ Parallels, _which are made_ thus ||; _and sometiures; are used as references to _notes in_ the e”--_Id_ (14) ”_The_ note of interrogation should not be employed, where it is only said _that_ a question has been asked, and where the words are not used as a question; _as_, 'The Cyprians asked me why I wept'”--_Id et al cor_ (15) ”_The note_ of interrogation is improper after _mere_ expressions of adh they may bear the form of_ questions”--_Iid_ (16) ”The parenthesis incloses _so which is thrown_ into the body of a sentence, _in an under tone; and_ which affects neither the sense, nor the construction, _of the main text_”--_Lowth cor_ (17) ”Simple members connected by _a relative not used restrictively, or by a conjunction that implies comparison_, are for the most part _divided_ by _the_ comma”--_Id_ (18) ”Simple members, _or_ sentences, connected _as terms of comparison_, are for the most part _separated_ by _the_ comma”--_L

Murray et al cor_ (19) ”Simple sentences connected by _a comparative particle_, are for the most part _divided_ by the comma”--_Russell cor_ (20) ”Simple sentences _or clauses_ connected _to forenerally be _parted_ by _the_ comma”--_Merchant cor_ (21) ”The simple members of sentences that express contrast or coenerally be divided by _the_ comma”--_Jaudon cor_ (22) ”_The_ si, are separated by a comma”--_Cooper cor_ (23) ”Simple sentences connected _to form a comparison, or_ phrases placed in opposition, or contrast, are _usually_ separated by _the comma_”--_Hiley and Bullions cor_ (24) ”On _whichever_ e lay the emphasis,--whether on the first, _the_ second, _the_ third, or _the_ fourth,--_every change of it_ strikes out a different sense”--_L

Murray cor_ (25) ”To _say to_ those who do not understand sea phrases, 'We tacked to the larboard, and stood off to sea,' would _give them little or no information_”--_Murray and Hiley cor_ (26) ”Of _those_ dissyllables which are _sometimes_ nouns and _sometimes_ verbs, _it may be observed, that_ the verb _is_ commonly _accented_ on the latter _syllable_, and the noun on the fore _an_ advantage _over_ most others, in the poetical _or_ rhetorical style”--_Id et al cor_ (28) ”And this gives _to_ the English _language_ an advantage _over_ most _others_, in the poetical and _the_ rhetorical style”--_Lowth cor_ (29) ”The second and _the_ third scholar may read the same sentence; or as many _may repeat the text_, as _are_ necessary to _teach_ it perfectly to the whole _class_”--_Osborn cor_

(30) ”Bliss is the _sa, In who obtain defence, or who defend”

--_Pope's Essay on Man_, IV, 58

LESSON XVI--OF MANY ERRORS

”The japanese, the Tonquinese, and the _Coreans_, speak languages _differing_ from one _an other_, and from _that of_ the inhabitants of China; _while all_ use the same written characters, and, by ibly with _one an_ other in writing, though ignorant of the language spoken _by their correspondents_: a plain proof, that the Chinese characters are like hieroglyphics, _and essentially_ independent of language”--_Jamieson cor_; also _Dr Blair_ ”The curved line, _in stead_ of _reed to a_ square _one_, for the reason _before ht cor_ ”Every _reader_ should content himself with the use of those tones only, that he is habituated to in speech; and _should_ give _to the words no_ other eive_ to the same words, in discourse [Or, perhaps the author ive _to the eive_, &c] Thus, whatever he utters, will be _delivered_ with ease, and _will_ appear natural”--_Sheridan cor_ ”_A stop_, or _pause, is_ a total cessation of sound, during a perceptible, and, in _musical or poetical_ compositions, a measurable space of ti, are total _cessations_ of the voice, during perceptible, and, in many cases, measurable _spaces_ of time”--_L Murray et al cor_ ”_Those derivative_ nouns which _denote_ ss_ of the kind _named by their primitives_, are called Di; frooose”--_Bullions cor_ ”_Why is it_, that nonsense so often escapes _detection, its character not being perceived either_ by the writer _or_ by the reader?”--_Campbell cor_ ”An Interjection is a word used to express sudden eenerally thrown in between the parts of _discourse, and have no_ reference to the structure of _those_ parts”--_M'Culloch_ cor ”_The verb_ OUGHT _has no other inflection than_ OUGHTEST, _and this is nearly obsolete_”-- _Macintosh cor_ ”But the _arrangereement _of words_, and _also their_ dependence upon _others_, are referred to our reason”--_Osborn cor_ ”ME is a personal pronoun, _of the_ first person, singular _number_, and _objective_ case”--_Guy cor_ ”The _noun_ SELF is _usually_ added to a pronoun; as, herself, himself, &c _The compounds_ thus _formed are_ called reciprocal _pronouns_”--_ Id_ ”One cannot _but think_, that our author _would have_ done better, _had he_ begun the first of these three sentences, with saying, '_It_ is novelty, _that_ bestows charms on a monster'”--_Dr Blair cor_ ”The idea which they present to us, of _nature_ reseinal, and nature as a copy, seems not very distinct, _or_ well _conceived_, nor indeed very material to our author's purpose”--_Id_ ”_This faulty_ construction of the sentence, _evidently arose from haste and carelessness_”--_Id_ ”Adverbs serve to modify _terree, _or_ some _other circumstance_ which we have occasion to specify”--_Id_ ”We may naturally expect, _that_ the more any nation is ie becoe_ abound with connective particles”--_Id_ ”Mr Greenleaf's book is _far better_ adapted _to the capacity of_ learners, _than_ any _other_ that has yet appeared, on the subject”--_Feltus and Onderdonk's false praise Englished_

”Punctuation is the art of_or in print_, the several pauses, or rests, _which separate_ sentences, _or_ the parts of sentences; _so as to denote_ their proper quantity or proportion, as _it is exhibited_ in a just and accurate _delivery_”--_Lowth cor_ ”A coenerally_ be resolved into simple ones, and _these be_ separated by _the coenerally divided_, by _the comma_, into _its_ simple _members_”--_Greenleaf and Fisk cor_ ”Sieneral_ be separated froreater point is required_; as, 'Youth is passing away, age is approaching, and death is near'”--_S R Hall cor_ ”_V_ has _always_ one uniform sound, _which is that_ of _f flattened_, as in _thieve_ from _thief: thus v_ bears to _f_ the sa_ to _k, or z_ to _s_”--_L Murray and Fisk cor_; also _Walker_; also _Greenleaf_ ”The author is explaining the _difference_ between sense and iination, _as_ powers _of_ the human : ”The author is endeavouring to explain a very abstract point, the distinction between the powers of sense and _those of_ iination, _as two different faculties of_ the hulo-Saxon HE--) is a personal pronoun, of the third person, singular nuender, _and_ nominative case Decline HE”--_Fowler cor_

CORRECTIONS UNDER THE CRITICAL NOTES

UNDER CRITICAL NOTE I--OF THE PARTS OF SPEECH

”The passive voice denotes _an action received_” Or: ”The passive voice denotes _the receiving of an action_”--_Maunder corrected_ ”Milton, in some of his prose works, has _many_ very _finely-turned_ periods”--_Dr

Blair and Alex Jam cor_ ”These will be found to be _wholly_, or chiefly, of that class”--_Dr Blair cor_ ”All appearances of an author's _affecting of_ harreeable”--_Id and Jam cor_ ”Some nouns have a double increase; that is, _they increase_ by more syllables than one: as _iter, itin~eris_”--_Adaressive_ cultivation”--_Gurney cor_ ”It is always iin well; toout_”--_Dr Blair cor_ ”For if one take a wrong -out_, it will lead him astray in all that follows”--_ Id_ ”His mind is full of his subject, and _all_ his words are expressive”--_ Id_ ”How exquisitely is _all_ this performed in Greek!”--_Harris cor_ ”Hoorthy_ is all this to satisfy the ambition of an immortal soul!”--_L Murray cor_ ”So as to exhibit the object in its _full grandeur_, and _its_point of view”--_Dr Blair cor_ ”And that the author kno to descend with propriety to the _plain style_, as well as how to rise to the bold and figured”--_ Id_ ”The heart _alone_ can answer to the heart”--_ Id_ ”Upon _the_ first _perception of it_”

Or: ”_As it is_ first perceived”--_Harris cor_ ”Call for Samson, that he may make _sport for us_”--_Bible cor_ ”And he made _sport before them_”--_ Id_ ”The term '_to suffer_,' in this definition, is used in a technical sense; and means simply, _to receive_ an action, or _to be_ acted upon”--_Bullions cor_ ”The text _only_ is what is htland cor_ ”The perfect participle denotes action or _existence_ perfected or finished”--_Kirkham cor_ ”From the intricacy and confusion which are produced _when they are_ blended together”--_L Murray cor_ ”This very circumstance, _that the word is_ employed antithetically renders it important in the sentence”--_Kirkham cor_ ”It [the pronoun that,] is applied _both to_ persons and _to_ things”--_L Murray cor_ ”Concerning us, as being _everywhere traduced_”--_Barclay cor_ ”Every thing _else_ was buried in a profound silence”--_Steele cor_ ”They raise _fuller_ conviction, than any reasonings produce”--_Dr Blair cor_ ”It appears tobut_ a fanciful refine_ ular _and thorough_ resolution of a coe”--_Churchill cor_ ”The infinitive is _distinguished_ by the word TO, _which_ imain of_ e that the basket, or vase, is understood to be the capital”--_Kaust one has to drink ink in reality, is not to the purpose, where _the drinking of it is urative_”--_ Id_ ”That we run not into the extre so very _closely_”--See _L Murray's Graed to rest for a _little while_ on the preposition itself” Or: ”Being obliged to rest a _while_ on the preposition itself”

Or: ”Being obliged to rest [for] a _moment_ on the preposition _alone_”--_Blair and Jam cor_ ”Our days on the earth are as a shadow, and there is _no_ abiding”--_Bible cor_ ”There _may be attempted_ a more particular expression of certain objects, by means of _iht disposition of the shade,_the more apparent_”--_Dr Blair cor_ ”I _observe_ that a diffuse style _is apt to run into_ long periods”--_ Id_ ”Their poor arguhways_”--_Leslie cor_ ”Which s”--_Barclay cor_ ”That single i-out_ of alle impulse _forces_ out almost all the breath”--_Hush cor_ ”Picini co-off_ from a road”--_Gardiner cor_ ”So much has been written on and off al _of_ books written by the best authors, his hly improved” Or: ”By _the study of the hly improved”--_L Mur cor_ ”For I never made _a rich provision a_ token of a spiritual ministry”--_Barclay cor_

UNDER CRITICAL NOTE II--OF DOUBTFUL REFERENCE

”However disagreeable _the task_, we must resolutely perforlish verbs, _whether they be_ regular _or_ irregular, is derived froue_”--_Lowth cor_ ”Tis hue”--_Cas hu _a_ e”--_Jamieson cor_ ”_That_ Archytases, _as_ a virtuous man, happened to perish once upon a tiround”

&c--_Phil Mu cor_ ”He will be the better qualified to understand theof _the_ numerous words _into_ which they _enter as_ material _parts_”--_L Murray cor_ ”We should continually have the goal in view, _that it ures seem to rise of their own accord from the subject and constantly _to_ embellish it” Or:--”and _they_ constantly enify_ persons, aniuish nouns”--_Cobbett cor_ ”Dissyllables ending in _y_ or mute _e_, or accented on the _final_ syllable, may _sometimes_ be co_ objection _be adn”--_Rush cor_ ”These philosophical innovators forget, that objects, like men, _are known_ only by their actions”--_Dr Murray cor_ ”The connexion betords and ideas, is arbitrary and conventional; _it has arisenthemselves”--_Jaeneral be considered as arbitrary and conventional, _or as arising fro themselves”--_Dr Blair cor_ ”A reat abilities to e and multiply and defend his corruptions”--_Swift cor_ ”They have no more control over him than _have_ any other lish, and _his_ numbers _are_ exquisite”--_Spect cor_ ”It has been said, that _not Jesuits only_ can equivocate”--_Mur in Ex and Key, cor_ ”_In Latin_, the nominative of the first _or_ second person, is seldom expressed”--_Adam and Gould cor_ ”Some words _have_ the same _form_ in both numbers”--_Murray et al cor_ ”Some nouns _have_ the same _form_ in both numbers”--_Merchant et al cor_ ”Others _have_ the same _form_ in both nu list denotes the _consonant_ sounds, _of which there are_ twenty-two” Or: ”The following list denotes the _twenty-two simple_ sounds of the consonants”--_Mur et al cor_ ”And is the ignorance of these peasants a reason for _other persons_ to renorant; or _does it_ render the subject _the_ less _worthy of our_ inquiry?”--_Harris and Mur cor_ ”He is one of the most correct, and perhaps _he is_ the best, of our prose writers”--_Lowth cor_ ”The motions of a vortex and _of_ a ind are perfectly similar” Or: ”The motion of a vortex and _that of_ a ind are perfectly siht upon one important verse in the Bible; which _verse_ I should like to _hear some one read_”--_Abbott cor_ ”When there are any circumstances of time, place, _and the like, by_ which the principal _terms_ of our sentence _must be limited or qualified_”--_Blair, Jam and Mur cor_ ”Interjections are words _that_ express emotion, affection, or passion, and _that_ imply suddenness” Or: ”Interjections express emotion, affection, or passion, and i_ the s, is used in the plural nus of the institution have been enlarged; _and an_ expense _has been incurred_, which, _with_ the increased price of provisions, renders it necessary to advance the terms of admission”--_L Murray cor_ ”These sentences are far less difficult than complex _ones_”--_S S Greene cor_

”Far fronoble strife _They_ sober _lived, nor ever wished_ to stray”--_Gray cor_

UNDER CRITICAL NOTE III--OF DEFINITIONS