Part 141 (2/2)

MATTHEW, xxvii, 14”--_Quarto Dict_ This mode of expression was formerly very common, and a contracted forar: as, ”Because he'd _ne'er_ an other tub”--_Hudibras_, p 102

That is, ”Because he had _no_ other tub” ”Letter nor line know I _never_ a one”--_Scott's Lay of L M_, p 27 This is what the common people pronounce ”_ne'er a one_,” and use in stead of _neither_ or _no one_ In like manner they contract _ever a one_ into ”_e'er a one_;” by which they mean _either_ or _any one_ These phrases are the same that somebody--(I believe it is _Snorantly written ”_ary one_” and ”_nary one_” calling the, the critic had an undoubted right to think the terms unauthorized! In the compounds of _whoever_ or _whoe'er, whichever_ or _whiche'er, whatever_ or _whate'er_, the word _ever_ or _e'er_, which formerly stood separate, appears to be an adjective, rather than an adverb; though, by beco part of the pronoun, it has now technically ceased to be either

OBS 25--The same may be said of _soever_ or _soe'er_, which is considered as only a part of an other word even when it is written separately; as, ”On _which_ side _soever_ I cast my eyes” In Mark, iii, 28th, _ithsoever_ is co Bible, rammars, calls _soever_ a WORD; but, in his dictionaries, he does not _define_ it as such ”The word _soever_ may be interposed between the attribute and the name; 'how clear soever this idea of infinity,'--'how remote soever it may seem'--LOCKE”--_Webster's Philosophical Gram_, p

154; _Improved Gram_, p 107 ”SOEVER, _so_ and _ever_, found in compounds, as in _whosoever, whatsoever, wheresoever_ See these words”--_Webster's Dict_, 8vo

OBS 26--The word _only_, (ie, _onely_, or _onelike_,) when it relates to a noun or a pronoun, is a definitive adjective, le, alone, exclusive of others_; as, ”The _only_ man,”--”The _only_ men,”--”Man _only_,”--”Men _only_,”--”He _only_,”--”They _only_” When it relates to a verb or a participle, it is an adverb of ly, merely, barely_; as, ”We fancy that we hate flattery, e _only_ hate the _, p 38 ”A disinterested love of one's country can _only_ subsist in small republics”--_Ib_, p 56 When it stands at the head of a clause, it is commonly a connective word, equivalent to _but_, or _except that_; in which sense, it must be called a conjunction, or at least a conjunctive adverb, which is nearly the sa; as, ”_Only_ they would that we should rens are prepositions, _only_ they are of more constant use than the rest”--_Ward's Grarammarians, the word ”_only_” often passes for an adverb, when it is in fact an adjective Such a le word, has led Churchill to say of the adverb in general, ”_It's_ place is for the most part before adjectives, _after nouns_, and after verbs;”

&c--_New Gra to do with ”nouns,” because adverbs do not relate to nouns In this author's example, ”His _arm only_ was bare,” there is no adverb; and, where he afterwards speaks of the latitude allowable in the placing of adverbs, alleging, ”It is indifferent whether we say, 'He bared his _arm only_;' or, 'He bared _only_ his arm,'” the word _only_ is an adjective, in one instance, if not in both With this writer, and soestion, that, ”_It's_ propriety and force depend on _it's_ position”--_Ib_, p 147 Illustration: ”Thus people commonly say; '_I only_ spoke three words:' which properly implies, that _I_, and _no other person_, spoke three words: when the intention of the speaker requires: 'I spoke _only three_ words; that is, _no ht just as well say, ”I spoke three words _only_” But the interpretation above is hypercritical, and contrary to that which the author hiives in his note on the other example, thus: ”Any other situation of the adverb would make a difference 'He _only_ bared his ar more than_ bare his ar part of the sentence, stating so his arm was an exception; as, 'He did it in the same manner, _only_ he bared his arm' If _only_ were placed immediately before _arm_; as, '_He_ bared his _only arnify, that he had but one arm”--_Ib_, p 328 Now are not, ”_I only spoke three words_,” and, ”_He only bared his arlish as the latter? _Only_, in both, isto the verb; but either ing to the pronoun

OBS 28--The teratives that make an affirmative; as, ”_Not but_ that it is a wide place”--_Walker's Particles_, p 89 ”_Non_ quo _non_ latus locus sit”--_Cic Ac_, iv, 12

It has already been stated, that _cannot but_ is equal to _must_; as, ”It is an affection which _cannot but_ be productive of some distress”--_Blair's Rhet_, p 461 It seems questionable, whether _but_ is not here an adverb, rather than a conjunction However this ative before _but_, in some other sentences, that conjunction has acquired the adverbial sense of _only_; and it nification, be called an _adverb_ Thus, the text, ”He hath _not_ grieved ative _not_, and still convey the sarievedexas _but_ slightly connected should not be crowded into one sentence”--_Murray's Octavo Gram, Index_ ”The assertion, however, serves _but_ to show their ignorance”--_Webster's Essays_, p 96

”Reason itself _but_ gives it edge and power”--_Pope_

”Born _but_ to die, and reasoning _but_ to err”--_Id_

OBS 29--In some constructions of the word _but_, there is a reuity; as, ”There _cannot be but one_ capital musical pause in a line”--_Kames, El of Crit_, ii, 92 ”A line _adreat critic, in the saraph, palpably contradict himself, and not perceive it Both expressions are equivocal He ought rather to have said: ”A line admits _no more than_ one capital pause”--”There cannot be _more than_ one capital musical pause in a line”

Some would say--”admits _only_ one”--”there can be _only one_” But here, too, is souity; because _only_verb The use of _only_ for _but_ or _except that_, is not noticed by our lexicographers; nor is it, in h often adopted by ative pronouns are the same as _relative_, ONLY their antecedents cannot be deteriven to the question_”--_Co; as, _Aurum, Caesar_, &c ONLY _prae_, in composition before a vowel is commonly short”--_Adam's Gram_, p 254; _Gould's_, 246

OBS 30--It is said by sorammarians, that, ”The adverb _there_ is often used as an _expletive_, or as a word that adds nothing to the sense; in which case, it precedes the verb and the nominative; as, '_There_ is a person at the door'”--_Murray's Graersoll's_, 205; _Greenleaf's_, 33; _Nixon's Parser_, p 53 It is true, that in our language the word _there_ is thus used idiomatically, as an introductory ter, or has taken, _place_; but still it is a regular adverb _of place_, and relates to the verb agreeably to the common rule for adverbs In some instances it is even repeated in the same sentence, because, in its introductory sense, it is always unemphatical; as, ”Because _there_ was pasture _there_ for their flocks”--_1 Chron_, iv, 41 ”If _there_ be indistinctness or disorder _there_, we can have no success”--_Blair's Rhet_, p 271 ”_There, there_ are schools adapted to every age”--_Woodbridge, Lit Conv_, p 78 The import of the word is ood reason for saying, with Dr Webster, that it is ”without signification,” when it is without emphasis; or, with Dr Priestley, that it ”seeive a sree of emphasis”--_Rudiments of E Gram_, p 135

OBS 31--The noun _place_ itself is just as loose and variable in itsas the adverb _there_ For example; ”_There_ is never any difference;” ie, ”No difference ever takes _place_” Shall we say that ”_place_,” in this sense, is not a noun of place? To _take place_, is, to occur _somewhere_, or _anywhere_; and the unemphatic word _there_ is but as indefinite in respect to place, as these other adverbs of place, or as the noun itself S B Goodenow accounts it a _great error_, to say that _there_ is an adverb of place, when it is thus indefinite; and he chooses to call it an ”_indefinite pronoun_,” as, ”'What is _there_ here?'--'_There_ is no peace'--'What need was _there_ of it?'” See his _Gra of the various classes of adverbs, I have admitted and shown, that _here, there_, and _where_, have sometimes the nature of pronouns, especially in such compounds as _hereof, thereof, whereof_; but in this instance, I see not what advantage there is in calling _there_ a ”pronoun:” we have just as much reason to call _here_ and _where_ pronouns--and that, perhaps, on all occasions Barnard says, ”In the sentence, '_There_ is one glory of the sun,' &c, the adverb _there_ qualifies the verb _is_, and seems to have the force of an affirmation, like _truly_”--_analytical Gram_, p 234 But an adverb of the latter kind may be used with the word _there_, and I perceive no particular similarity between thehteous”--_Psal_, lviii, 11 ”_Truly there_ is a glory of the sun”

OBS 32--There is a vulgar error of substituting the adverb _most_ for _almost_, as in the phrases, ”_most all_,”--”_most anywhere_,”--”_most every day_,”--which we sometimes hear for ”_almost all_,”--”_alross, and chiefly colloquial, but it is so he had replied _most_ too rashly, he said, 'I won't answer your question'”--_Wagstaff's History of Friends_, Vol i, p 207

NOTES TO RULE XXI

NOTE I--Adverbs must be placed in that position which will render the sentence the reeable Exa the sense of the author, though every hich he uses _be not precise_ and exact”--_Blair's Rhet_, p 95; _Jah every hich he uses _is not precise_ and exact”--_Octavo Grah _not every word_ which he uses, _is precise_ and exact”

NOTE II--Adverbs should not be needlessly used for adjectives; nor should they be employed when quality is to be expressed, and not inal text are entire”--_S Fisher_ Say, ”the _present_ copies,” or, ”the _existing_ copies” ”The arrows of calumny fall _harmlessly_ at the feet of virtue”--_Murray's Key_, p 167; _Merchant's Graersoll's_, 10; _Kirkham's_, 24 Say, ”fall _har black cloud, which is regarded with so much dread, may pass by _harmless_”--_Murray's Key_, 8vo, p 262

NOTE III--With a verb of rammarians prefer _hither, thither_, and _whither_, to _here, there_, and _where_, which are in coood; as, ”Come _hither_, Charles,”--or, ”Come _here_”

NOTE IV--”To the adverbs _hence, thence_, and _whence_, the preposition _froh not with strict propriety) prefixed; as, _from hence, from whence_”--See _W Allen's Gram_, p 174 Some critics, however, think this construction allowable, notwithstanding the former word is implied in the latter See _Priestley's Gram_, p 134; and _L

Murray's_, p 198 It is seldoant to use any word needlessly

NOTE V--The adverb _how_ should not be used before the conjunction _that_, nor in stead of it; as, ”He said _how_ he would go”--”Ye see _how that_ not ar error

Somewhat similar is the use of _how_ for _lest_ or _that not_; as, ”Be cautious _how_ you offend him, ie, _that_ you _do not_ offend him”--_W

Allen's Gram_, p 175

NOTE VI--The adverb _when, while_, or _where_, is not fit to follow the verb _is_ in a definition, or to introduce a clause taken substantively; because it expresses identity, not of being, but of tirees with another in some accidents”--_Adareement of_ one ith _an other_ in some _accident or_ accidents”

NOTE VII--The adverb _no_ should not be used with reference to a _verb_ or a _participle_ Such expressions as, ”Tell o_ or _no_,” are therefore io_ is understood after it The o_;” but nobody would think of saying, ”Whether you will go or _no go_”

NOTE VIII--A negation, in English, adatives in the sa affirrammatical: ”For my part, I love him not, _nor_ hate hie the last _not_, or else change _nor_ to _and_

NOTE IX--The words _ever_ and _never_ should be carefully distinguished according to their sense, and not confounded with each other in their application Exaneth, be the earth _never so_ unquiet”--_Experience of St Paul_, p 195 Here, I suppose, the sense to require _everso_, an adverb of degree: ”Be the earth _everso_ unquiet”

That is,--”unquiet _in whatever degree_”