Part 15 (1/2)

1 Quotation: Siriol Colley, Quotation: Siriol Colley, More Than a Grain More Than a Grain, 161.

2 On the journalist Gareth Jones, see Siriol Colley, On the journalist Gareth Jones, see Siriol Colley, More Than a Grain More Than a Grain, 224-238; Jones, ”Will there be soup?”; Conquest, Harvest Harvest, 309; and Dalrymple, ”Further References,” 473. On Kharkiv, see Falk, Sowjetische Stadte Sowjetische Stadte, 140, 172-175, 288; Kovalenko, Holod Holod, 557; and Werth, Terreur Terreur, 130. The image is Vasily Grossman's.

3 Falk, Falk, Sowjetische Stadte Sowjetische Stadte, 284-285, 288, 298-300.

4 Quotations: Falk, Quotations: Falk, Sowjetische Stadte Sowjetische Stadte, 299, see also 297-301; Kunierz, Ukraina Ukraina, 157, 160. On the schoolgirl and the hospitals, see Davies, Years Years, 160, 220. See also Kuromiya, Freedom and Terror Freedom and Terror, 171, 184. On the use of survivor testimony, see Graziosi, War War, 4.

5 Quotation: Siriol Colley, Quotation: Siriol Colley, More Than a Grain More Than a Grain, 233. On Dnipropetrovsk: Kravchenko, I Chose Freedom I Chose Freedom, 111. On Stalino, see Maksudov, ”Victory,” 211.

6 On fainting from weakness, see Kovalenko, On fainting from weakness, see Kovalenko, Holod Holod, 61; see also Siriol Colley, More Than a Grain More Than a Grain, 235. On Khartsyszk, see Kuromiya, Freedom and Terror Freedom and Terror, 170. On Grossman, see Todorov, Memoire du mal Memoire du mal, 61. See also Koestler, Yogi Yogi, 137.

7 Quotation: Serbyn, ”Ukrainian Famine,” 131; see also Falk, Quotation: Serbyn, ”Ukrainian Famine,” 131; see also Falk, Sowjetische Stadte Sowjetische Stadte, 289.

8 For a sophisticated guide to the meanings of the Plan, see Harrison, For a sophisticated guide to the meanings of the Plan, see Harrison, Soviet Planning Soviet Planning , 1-5. , 1-5.

9 Quotations: Kuromiya, Quotations: Kuromiya, Stalin Stalin, 85; Kunierz, Ukraina Ukraina, 37.

10 Quotation and poster: Viola, Quotation and poster: Viola, War War, 177; Viola, Unknown Gulag Unknown Gulag, 32.

11 Quotations: Viola, Quotations: Viola, War War, 238; Conquest, Harvest Harvest, 121. For details on the shootings and deportations, see Davies, Years Years, 20, 46; Werth, Terreur Terreur, 463; Viola, Unknown Gulag Unknown Gulag, 6, 32; Kunierz, Ukraina Ukraina, 51, 56; Khlevniuk, Gulag Gulag, 11; Graziosi, War War, 48; and Davies, Years Years, 46.

12 On the 113,637 people forcibly transported, see Viola, On the 113,637 people forcibly transported, see Viola, War War, 289; see also Kulczycki, Hoodomor Hoodomor, 158. For details on some of the arrivals, see Kotkin, ”Peopling,” 70-72.

13 For the lament, see Kovalenko, For the lament, see Kovalenko, Holod Holod, 259. On Solovki, see Applebaum, Gulag Gulag, 18-20, 49. On the special settlements, see Viola, Unknown Gulag Unknown Gulag (the numbers of Ukrainian peasants deported are given at 195 and 32). (the numbers of Ukrainian peasants deported are given at 195 and 32).

14 Quotation: Applebaum, Quotation: Applebaum, Gulag Gulag, 48. For the death estimates, see Viola, Unknown Gulag Unknown Gulag, 3; and Applebaum, Gulag Gulag, 583. For the characterization of the Gulag, see Khlevniuk, Gulag Gulag, 1-10; Applebaum, Gulag Gulag, xvi-xvii; and Viola, Unknown Gulag Unknown Gulag, 2-7.

15 Quotations: Siegelbaum, Quotations: Siegelbaum, Stalinism Stalinism, 45 (first two); Viola, Unknown Gulag Unknown Gulag, 53. On Belomor, see Khlevniuk, Gulag Gulag, 24-35; and Applebaum, Gulag Gulag, 62-65.

16 Applebaum, Applebaum, Gulag Gulag, 64-65.

17 Quotation: Viola, Quotation: Viola, Unknown Gulag Unknown Gulag, 35. See also, generally, Viola, Best Sons Best Sons. On the pace of collectivization, see Kunierz, Ukraina Ukraina, 39.

18 On the percentage of arable land, see Kunierz, On the percentage of arable land, see Kunierz, Ukraina Ukraina, 40.

19 Quotation: Snyder, Quotation: Snyder, Sketches Sketches, 93. For background on the struggle of peasants in Ukraine for land, see Beauvois, Bataille Bataille; Edelman, Proletarian Peasants Proletarian Peasants; Hildermeier, Sozialrevolutionare Partei Sozialrevolutionare Partei; Kingston-Mann, Lenin Lenin; and Lih, Bread and Authority. Bread and Authority.

20 Quotation: Dzwokowski, Quotation: Dzwokowski, G.o.d G.o.d, 84. For the Stalinist ”First Commandment,” see Kulczycki, Hoodomor Hoodomor, 170. See also Kunierz, Ukraina Ukraina, 70.

21 On livestock and on feminine rebellions, see Kunierz, On livestock and on feminine rebellions, see Kunierz, Ukraina Ukraina, 66, 72; and Conquest, Harvest Harvest, 158.

22 Graziosi, Graziosi, War War, 53-57; Viola, War War, 320; Kulczycki, Hoodomor Hoodomor, 131; Snyder, Sketches Sketches, 92-94.

23 Quotation: Morris, ”The Polish Terror,” 753. On the Soviet concern about Poland's new policy to Ukrainian minorities, see Report of 13 July 1926, AVPRF, 122/10/34. See also, generally, Snyder, Quotation: Morris, ”The Polish Terror,” 753. On the Soviet concern about Poland's new policy to Ukrainian minorities, see Report of 13 July 1926, AVPRF, 122/10/34. See also, generally, Snyder, Sketches Sketches, 83-114.

24 Kuromiya, ”Spionage,” 20-32. Kuromiya, ”Spionage,” 20-32.

25 Cameron, ”Hungry Steppe,” chap. 6. On Xinjiang, see Millward, Cameron, ”Hungry Steppe,” chap. 6. On Xinjiang, see Millward, Eurasian Crossroads Eurasian Crossroads , 191-210. , 191-210.

26 Snyder, Snyder, Sketches Sketches, 101-102.

27 Kunierz, Kunierz, Ukraina Ukraina, 74; Snyder, Sketches Sketches, 103-104.

28 Davies, Davies, Years Years, 8-11, 24-37; Kunierz, Ukraina Ukraina, 86-90.

29 Quotations: Viola, Quotations: Viola, Unknown Gulag Unknown Gulag, 75; Kravchenko, I Chose Freedom I Chose Freedom, 106. On the 32,127 households deported from Soviet Ukraine, see Kulczycki, Hoodomor Hoodomor, 158. On the percentage of collectivized farmland, see Kunierz, Ukraine Ukraine, 86.

30 Davies, Davies, Years Years, 48-56.

31 On the harvest, see Davies, On the harvest, see Davies, Years Years, 57-69, 110-111; Graziosi, ”New Interpretation,” 1-5; and Dronin, Climate Dependence Climate Dependence, 118. On Kosior and Kaganovich, see Davies, Years Years, 72, 82, 89, 95.

32 Kunierz, Kunierz, Ukraina Ukraina, 102-103; Davies, Years Years, 112-114.

33 On the Red Cross, see Davies, On the Red Cross, see Davies, Years Years, 112-113. Quotations: Kul'chyts'kyi, Kolektyvizatsiia Kolektyvizatsiia , 434; Kul'chyts'kyi, ”Trahichna,” 151. , 434; Kul'chyts'kyi, ”Trahichna,” 151.

34 On the reports of death by starvation, see Kunierz, 104-105. On Stalin, see Davies, On the reports of death by starvation, see Kunierz, 104-105. On Stalin, see Davies, Kaganovich Correspondence Kaganovich Correspondence, 138. On the request for food aid, see Lih, Letters to Molotov Letters to Molotov, 230. On Kaganovich (23 June 1932), see Hunchak, Famine Famine, 121.

35 Cameron, ”Hungry Steppe,” chap. 2; Pianciola, ”Collectivization Famine,” 103-112; Mark, ”Hungersnot,” 119. Cameron, ”Hungry Steppe,” chap. 2; Pianciola, ”Collectivization Famine,” 103-112; Mark, ”Hungersnot,” 119.

36 Quotation: Davies, Quotation: Davies, Kaganovich Correspondence Kaganovich Correspondence, 138. On Stalin's predisposition to personalized politics, see Kulczycki, Hoodomor Hoodomor, 180; and Kunierz, Ukraina Ukraina, 152.

37 On Stalin, see Marochko, On Stalin, see Marochko, Holodomor Holodomor, 21. On the objective problems recounted by local party officials, see Davies, Years Years, 105-111, 117-122.

38 Cited in Kovalenko, Cited in Kovalenko, Holod Holod, 110.

39 Quotation: Davies, Quotation: Davies, Years Years, 146. See also Kunierz, Ukraina Ukraina, 107; and Werth, Terreur Terreur , 119. , 119.

40 On ”our father,” see Sebag Montefiore, On ”our father,” see Sebag Montefiore, Court Court, 69. On talk of starvation as an excuse for laziness, see apoval, ”Lugen,” 136. For a sense of the relations.h.i.+ps among Molotov, Kaganovich, and Stalin, consult Lih, Letters to Molotov Letters to Molotov; and Davies, Kaganovich Correspondence. Kaganovich Correspondence.

41 Quotations: Davies, Quotations: Davies, Kaganovich Correspondence Kaganovich Correspondence, 175, 183.

42 Snyder, Snyder, Sketches Sketches, 83-95; Kuromiya, ”Great Terror,” 2-4.

43 Snyder, Snyder, Sketches Sketches, 102-104; Haslam, East East, 31.

44 Quotation: Report of 6 June 1933, CAW I/303/4/1928. On the Polish consulate, see Marochko, Quotation: Report of 6 June 1933, CAW I/303/4/1928. On the Polish consulate, see Marochko, Holodomor Holodomor, 36. On Poland's caution, see Snyder, Sketches Sketches, 102-108; and Papuha, Zakhidna Ukraina Zakhidna Ukraina, 80.

45 Kunierz, Kunierz, Ukraina Ukraina, 108; Maksudov, ”Victory,” 204.

46 On the Soviet judges, see Solomon, On the Soviet judges, see Solomon, Soviet Criminal Justice Soviet Criminal Justice, 115-116. Quotation: Kunierz, Ukraina Ukraina, 116.

47 Quotations: Kunierz, Quotations: Kunierz, Ukraina Ukraina, 139; Kovalenko, Holod Holod, 168. On the watchtowers and their number, see Kunierz, Ukraina Ukraina, 115; see also Maksudov, ”Victory,” 213; and Conquest, Harvest Harvest, 223-225.

48 On the limited gains from such methods of requisition, see Maksudov, ”Victory,” 192. On the party activists' abuses, see Kunierz, On the limited gains from such methods of requisition, see Maksudov, ”Victory,” 192. On the party activists' abuses, see Kunierz, Ukraina Ukraina, 144-145, 118-119; and Kuromiya, Freedom and Terror Freedom and Terror, 170-171.

49 As against fifty-seven percent for the USSR as a whole; see Davies, As against fifty-seven percent for the USSR as a whole; see Davies, Years Years, 183. On Molotov, see Davies, Years Years, 171-172.

50 On Stalin, see Sebag Montefiore, On Stalin, see Sebag Montefiore, Court Court, 21, 107.