Part 33 (1/2)

[Ill.u.s.tration: Var. tinctoria.]

Var. _tinctoria_. (Quercitron. Yellow-barked or Black Oak.) Leaves, especially on young trees, often less deeply pinnatifid, sometimes barely sinuate. Foliage much like that of Quercus rubra. Acorn nearly round, to 2/3 in. long, set in a rather deep, conspicuously scaly cup.

Bark of trunk thicker, rougher, darker-colored and with the inner color orange. Rich and poor soil. Abundant east, but rare west.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Q. pal.u.s.tris.]

13. =Quercus pal.u.s.tris=, Du Roi. (SWAMP, SPANISH, OR PIN OAK.) Leaves oblong, deeply pinnatifid, with divergent, sharply toothed, bristle-tipped lobes and rounded notches, and with both sides bright green. Acorn globular, hardly in. long, cup shallow and saucer-shaped, almost sessile, in the axils of last year's leaf-scars. A handsome, medium-sized tree; wood reddish, coa.r.s.e-grained. In low ground. Common throughout.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Q. falcata.]

14. =Quercus falcata=, Michx. (SPANISH OAK.) Leaves obtuse or roundish at base, 3- to 5-lobed above, the lobes prolonged, mostly narrow, and the end ones more or less scythe-shaped, bristle-tipped, entire or sparingly cut-toothed, soft-downy beneath. Foliage very variable. Acorn 1/3 to in. long, globose, half inclosed in the hemispherical cup; nearly sessile. A tree, 30 to 70 ft. high, large and abundant in the South; bark thick and excellent for tanning; wood coa.r.s.e-grained, dark brown or reddish. New Jersey, south and west.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Q. iliciflia.]

15. =Quercus iliciflia=, w.a.n.g. (BEAR OR BLACK SCRUB-OAK.) Leaves obovate, wedge-shaped at base, angularly about 5-lobed (3 to 7), white-downy beneath, 2 to 4 in. long, thickish, with short, triangular bristle-tipped lobes. Acorn ovoid, globular, in. long. A dwarfed, straggling bush, 3 to 10 ft. high. Sandy barrens and rocky hills. New England to Ohio, and south.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Q. aquatica.]

16. =Quercus aquatica=, Walt. (WATER-OAK.) Leaves thick, sub-evergreen, obovate-wedge-shaped, smooth, tapering at the base, sometimes obscurely 3-lobed at the tip; on the seedlings and the young rapid-growing shoots often incised or sinuate-pinnatifid, and then bristle-pointed. Acorn small, globular-ovoid, downy, in a saucer-shaped cup, very bitter; in the axils of leaf-scars of the previous year. A very variable tree, 30 to 40 ft. high, with smooth bark. Wet ground. Maryland, west and south.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Q. ngra.]

17. =Quercus ngra=, L. (BLACK OAK OR BARREN OAK.) Leaves large, 5 to 10 in. long, thick, wedge-shaped, broadly dilated above, and truncate or slightly 3-lobed at the end, bristle-awned, smooth above, rusty-downy beneath. Acorn oblong-ovate, to in. long, in the axils of the leaves of the preceding year, one third or one half inclosed in the top-shaped, coa.r.s.e-scaled cup. A small tree, 10 to 25 ft. high, with rough, very dark-colored bark. New York, south and west, in dry, sandy barrens.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Q. imbricaria.]

18. =Quercus imbricaria=, Michx. (LAUREL-OR s.h.i.+NGLE-OAK.) Leaves lanceolate-oblong, entire, tipped with an abrupt, sharp point, pale-downy beneath. Acorn globular, 5/8 in. long, cup with broad, whitish, close-pressed scales, covering about one third of the nut. A stout tree, 30 to 50 ft. high, found in barrens and open woodlands. Wood extensively used in the West for s.h.i.+ngles. New Jersey to Wisconsin, and southward.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Q. Ph.e.l.los.]

19. =Quercus Ph.e.l.los=, L. (WILLOW-OAK.) Leaves 2 to 4 in. long, thick, linear-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, entire or very nearly so, soon smooth, light green, bristle-tipped, willow-like, scurfy when young.

Acorns about sessile, globular, small ( in.), in a shallow saucer shaped cup; on the old wood. Tree 30 to 50 ft. high, with smooth, thick bark, and reddish, coa.r.s.e-grained wood, of little value. Borders of swamps, New Jersey, south and west; also cultivated.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Q. Rbur.]

20. =Quercus Rbur=, L. (ENGLISH OAK.) Leaves on short footstalks, oblong, smooth, dilated upward, sinuately lobed, hardly pinnatifid.

Acorns in the axils of the leaves of the year, ovate-oblong, over 1 in., about one third inclosed in the hemispherical cup; sessile in var.

_sessiliflora_; cl.u.s.tered and long-peduncled in var. _pedunculata_.

Trees 50 to 100 ft. high, extensively cultivated; from Europe; the nursery catalogues name as many as a score or more varieties.

One var., _fastigiata_ (Pyramidal Oak), is a peculiar upright tree like the Lombardy Poplar; var. _pendula_ (Weeping Oak) has long, slender, drooping branches.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Q. Cerris.]

21. =Quercus Cerris=, L. (TURKEY OAK.) Leaves on very short stalks, oblong, deeply and unequally pinnatifid, hairy beneath; lobes lanceolate, acute, somewhat angular. Acorns in the axils of the leaves of the year, ovate, with a hemispherical, bristly or mossy cup. Several varieties of this species, from Europe, are cultivated in this country.

They form tall, round-headed, symmetrical trees.

GENUS =89. CASTaNEA.=