Part 30 (1/2)

* Bark rough, deeply furrowed but not s.h.a.ggy; kernel edible.

(=B.=)

=B.= Leaflets 7 to 9, usually 7 3.

=B.= Leaflets 5 to 7, usually 5 4.

* Bark smooth; kernel bitter. (=C.=)

=C.= Leaflets 5 to 7, usually 7, smooth 5.

=C.= Leaflets 7 to 11, serrate with deep teeth 6.

* Bark smooth; nut thin-sh.e.l.led; kernel sweet; leaflets 13 to 15 7.

[Ill.u.s.tration: C. alba.]

1. =Carya alba=, Nutt. (Sh.e.l.lBARK OR s.h.a.gBARK HICKORY.) Leaflets 5, the lower pair much smaller, all oblong-lanceolate, taper-pointed, finely serrate, downy beneath when young. Fruit globular, depressed at the top, splitting readily into 4 wholly separate valves. Nut white, sweet, compressed, 4-angled. Husk quite thin for the Hickories. Tree 70 to 90 ft. high, with very s.h.a.ggy bark, even on quite small trees. Wild throughout, and cultivated.

[Ill.u.s.tration: C. sulcata.]

2. =Carya sulcata=, Nutt. (BIG Sh.e.l.lBARK. KINGNUT.) Leaflets 7 to 9, obovate-ac.u.minate, sharply serrate, the odd one attenuate at base and nearly sessile; downy beneath (more so than Carya alba). Fruit large, oval, 4-ribbed above the middle, with 4 intervening depressions. Husk very thick, entirely separating into 4 valves. Nut large, 1 to 2 in.

long, dull-whitish, thick-sh.e.l.led, usually strongly pointed at both ends. Kernel sweet and good. Tree 60 to 90 ft. high, with a s.h.a.ggy bark of loose, narrow strips on large trees. Quite common west of the Alleghanies.

[Ill.u.s.tration: C. tomentsa.]

3. =Carya tomentsa=, Nutt. (MOCKERNUT. WHITE-HEART HICKORY.) Leaflets 7 to 9 (mostly 7), lance-obovate, pointed, obscurely serrate or almost entire, the lower surface as well as the twigs and the catkins tomentose when young. Fruit globular or ovoid, usually with a very hard, thick husk slightly united at base. Nut somewhat hexagonal, with a very thick sh.e.l.l and well-flavored kernel. A tall, slender tree, 60 to 100 ft.

high, with a rough deeply furrowed, but not s.h.a.ggy bark. Common on dry hillsides throughout.

[Ill.u.s.tration: C. microcarpa.]

4. =Carya microcarpa=, Nutt. (SMALL MOCKERNUT.) Leaflets about 5 (5 to 7), oblong-lanceolate, long-pointed, finely serrate, smooth, glandular beneath; buds small, ovate. Fruit small, subglobose, with a thin husk; nut not sharply angled, with a thin sh.e.l.l; edible. A large tree, 70 to 90 ft. high; New York, Pennsylvania, and westward.

[Ill.u.s.tration: C. porcna.]

5. =Carya porcna=, Nutt. (PIGNUT. BROOM-HICKORY.) Leaflets 5 to 7 (usually 7), oblong-ovate, ac.u.minate, serrate, smooth. Fruit pear-shaped to oval, somewhat rough, splitting regularly only about half-way. Nut large (1 to 2 in. long), brownish, somewhat obcordate, with a thick, hard sh.e.l.l, and poor, bitter kernel. Tall tree, 70 to 80 ft. high, with dark-colored heart-wood, and rather smooth bark. Common on ridges.

[Ill.u.s.tration: C. amara.]

6. =Carya amara=, Nutt. (BITTERNUT. SWAMP-HICKORY.) Leaflets 7 to 11, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, serrate with deep teeth. Fruit roundish-ovate, regularly separable only half-way, but friable at maturity. Nut small, white, subglobose, with a very thin sh.e.l.l and an extremely bitter kernel. Large tree with orange-yellow winter buds, and firm, not scaly, bark. Wild throughout, and sometimes cultivated.

[Ill.u.s.tration: C. olivaeformis.]

7. =Carya olivaeformis=, Nutt. (PECAN-NUT.) Leaflets 13 to 15, ovate-lanceolate, serrate; lateral ones nearly sessile and decidedly curved. Fruit oblong, widest above the middle, with 4 distinct valves.

Nut oblong, 1 in., nearer smooth than the other edible Hickory-nuts, the sh.e.l.l thin, but rather too hard to be broken by the fingers. The kernel is full, sweet, and good. A tall tree, 80 to 90 ft. high. Indiana and south; also cultivated, but not very successfully, as far north as New York City.

ORDER =x.x.xIX. CUPULFERae.= (OAK FAMILY.)

This order contains more species of trees and shrubs in temperate regions than any other, except the Coniferae. The genus Quercus (Oak) alone contains about 20 species of trees in the region covered by this work.