Part 16 (1/2)
Aengus wrote about the year 798. He was descended from the ill.u.s.trious chieftains of Dalriada, and completed his education in the Monastery of Cluain Eidhneach, in the present Queen's county. The remains of a church he founded at Disert Aengusa, near Ballingarry, in the county of Limerick, may still be seen.
The Monastery of Tamhlacht (Tallaght), near Dublin, was founded in the year 769, by St. Maelruain, on a site offered ”to G.o.d, to Michael the Archangel, and to Maelruain,” by Donnach, the pious and ill.u.s.trious King of Leinster. St. Aengus presented himself at this monastery as a poor man seeking for service, and was employed for some time in charge of the mill or kiln, the ruins of which have but lately yielded to ”the improving hand of modern progress.” Here he remained hidden for many years, until, by some happy accident, his humility and his learning were at once discovered.
Aengus composed his ”Festology” in the reign of Hugh Oirdnidhe (the Legislator), who was Monarch of Ireland from the year 793 to the year 817. Hugh commenced his reign by attaching the province of Leinster, and then marched to the confines of Meath. The Archbishop of Armagh and all his clergy were commanded to attend this expedition, for such had hitherto been the custom. The ecclesiastics, however, protested against the summons, and complained to the king of the injustice and inconsistency of demanding their presence on such occasions. Hugh referred the matter to Fothadh, his poet and adviser. The learning and piety of the bard were well known; and a decision favourable to the clergy was the result. This decision was given in a short poem of four quatrains which is preserved in the preface to the ”Martyrology” of Aengus. The following is a literal translation:--
”The Church of the living G.o.d, Touch her not, nor waste; Let her rights be reserved, As best ever they were.
”Every true monk who is Possessed of a pious conscience, To the church to which it is due Let him act as any servant.
”Every faithful servant from that out, Who is not bound by vows of obedience, Has liberty to join in the battles Of Aedh (Hugh) the Great, son of Nial.
”This is the proper rule, Certain it is not more, not less: Let every one serve his lot, Without defect, and without refusal.”
This decision obtained the name of a canon, and henceforth its author was distinguished as _Fothadh na Canoine_, or Fothadh of the Canons.
At the time of the promulgation of this canon, Aengus was residing at his church of Disert Bethech, near the present town of Monasterevan, not far from where the Irish monarch had pitched his camp.
The poet visited Aengus, and showed him the canon before presenting it to the king. An intimacy was thus commenced, which must have proved one of singular pleasure to both parties. Aengus had just finished his ”Festology,” and showed it for the first time to his brother poet, who expressed the warmest approbation of the work.
This composition consists of three parts. The first part is a poem of five quatrains, invoking the grace and sanctification of Christ for the poet and his undertaking:--
”Sanctify, O Christ! my words: O Lord of the seven heavens!
Grant me the gift of wisdom, O Sovereign of the bright sun!
”O bright Sun, who dost illuminate The heavens with all Thy holiness!
O King, who governest the angels!
O Lord of all the people!
”O Lord of the people!
O King, all righteous and good!
May I receive the full benefit Of praising Thy royal hosts.
”Thy royal hosts I praise, Because Thou art my sovereign; I have disposed my mind To be constantly beseeching Thee.
”I beseech a favour from Thee, That I be purified from my sins, Through the peaceful bright-s.h.i.+ning flock, The royal host whom I celebrate.”
Then follows a metrical preface, consisting of eighty stanzas. These verses are in the same measure[188] as the invocation, Englished by modern Gaedhilic scholars as ”chain-verse;” that is, an arrangement of metre by which the first words of every succeeding quatrain are identical with the last words of the preceding one.
After the invocation follows a preface, the second part of this remarkable poem. In this there is a glowing account of the tortures and sufferings of the early Christian martyrs; it tells ”how the names of the persecutors are forgotten, while the names of their victims are remembered with honour, veneration, and affection; how Pilate's wife is forgotten, while the Blessed Virgin Mary is remembered and honoured from the uttermost bounds of the earth to its centre.” The martyrology proper, or festology, comes next, and consists of 365 quatrains, or a stanza for each day in the year.
It commences with the feast of the Circ.u.mcision:--
”At the head of the congregated saints Let the King take the front place; Unto the n.o.ble dispensation did submit Christ--on the kalends of January.”
St. Patrick is commemorated thus, on the 17th of March:--
”The blaze of a splendid sun, The apostle of stainless Erinn, Patrick, with his countless thousands, May he shelter our wretchedness.”
On the 13th of April, Bishop Tussach, one of the favourite companions of the great saint, is also mentioned as--